黄河下游三官庙至韦滩河段主流摆动规律及其驱动机制  

Mainstream Swing Rule and Its Driving Mechanism in the Sanguanmiao to Weitan Reach of the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：张春晋 张敏[2] 姚文艺[2] 李勇[2] 马东方 ZHANG Chunjin;ZHANG Min;YAO Wenyi;LI Yong;MA Dongfang(Key Laboratory for Sedimentation Science and Northern Rivers Training,the Ministry of Water Resources,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation Sediment,MWR,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,水利部泥沙科学与北方河流治理重点实验室,北京100048 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [3]河海大学,水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2023年第5期1110-1124,共15页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：水利部泥沙科学与北方河流治理重点实验室开放基金项目(IWHR-SEDI-2022-07);黄科院发展基金项目(黄科发-202006);河南省青年科学基金项目(212300410201);河南省面上科学基金项目(212300410373);黄河水科学研究联合基金项目(U2243220);国家自然科学基金项目(52009047)。

摘　　要：随着三门峡、小浪底、陆浑、故县以及河口村等骨干水库群的联合调度运用,黄河下游的水沙过程发生了显著的改变.近年来,特殊的水沙条件引起黄河下游三官庙至韦滩河段的河势发生改变,造成了滩地大量坍塌,并且危及到两岸村庄与堤防安全.为了明确三官庙至韦滩河段的主流摆动规律及其驱动机制,采用资料分析与理论研究,阐述了三官庙至韦滩河段的河道与工程概况,分析了该河段水沙过程与河道冲淤变化特征.同时,根据不同时期该河段的河势调整特点及其与水沙过程之间的响应关系,预估了不同流量过程条件下的河势演变趋势.研究表明,从短期来看,长历时大水冲刷形成的河槽较为稳定,加之河道整治工程的不断完善,河势将按照治导线行走的概率增大.但是从长期来看,随着骨干水库群的投入使用与工农业用水量的增长,黄河下游持续小水的可能性将偏大,主流则会在河道内摆动.With the joint operation of Sanmenxia,Xiaolangdi,Luhun,Guxian and Hekoucun reservoirs,the water-sediment process in the lower Yellow River has changed significantly.In recent years,the special water and sediment conditions have caused changes of the river regime from Sanguanmiao to Weitan in the lower Yellow River,resulting in a large number of beach collapse and endangering the safety of villages and embankments on both sides.In order to clarify the mainstream swing rule and its driving mechanism in the Sanguanmiao to Weitan reach,this paper adopted data analysis and theoretical research to describe the channel and engineering situation of the Sanguanmiao to Weitan reach,and analyzed the water-sediment process and the characteristics of the channel scouring and siltation.At the same time,according to the adjustment characteristics of the river regime in different periods and its response to the water-sediment process,the evolution trend of the river regime under different discharge processes was estimated.Studies have shown that,in the short term,the river channel formed by the long-term flood erosion was relatively stable,coupled with the the continuous improvement of the river regulation project,the probability of the river regime moving along the governing line increased.However,in the long run,with the use of the backbone reservoirs and the increase of industrial and agricultural water consumption,the possibility of continuous small flow in the lower Yellow River was high,and the mainstream swung in the channel.

关 键 词：畸形河势 水沙变化 冲淤特性 河势调整 主流摆动 治导线 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]