行政权介入民事纠纷的实践困境与完善进路  

The Practical Dilemma of Administrative Power’s Intervention in Civil Disputes and the Way to Improve It

作　　者：张建文[1] 李燕[1] ZHANG Jianwen;LI Yan

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2023年第6期106-115,共10页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：中国人权研究会2020年度部级项目“中国民法典编纂与人权保护”(CSHRS2020-20YB)。

摘　　要：一个社会的正常运转,需要有把纠纷处理的业务在社会各个部分进行分散的政策考量和制度设计。行政权因其在信息收集与判断、强制权和可接近现场等专业优势,在参与化解一些与其职权密切关联的民事纠纷方面从未实质性缺席过。改革开放后,中国经济社会关系发生“民法公法化”的巨大变迁,《民法典》的颁行开启了“行政介入”的治理新时代和新实践。无论是“行政主动涉足”,抑或是“民事吁请”之下的“行政被动介入”,甚或是“行民的共同关照”,都构成了对民事纠纷解决机制的重大课题与挑战。梳理既有研究和实践,行政权介入民事纠纷在介入依据、领域、价值、资源和监督等方面存在着困境。为此,必须在介入之政策和理念的进路上,做到从理想到理性的转变,在介入之权与介入之路的选择上,进行权力简化和模式优化,同时还应在介入前提、程序设限及诉讼衔接上进行介入运行的正当控制。The normal functioning of a society requires the existence of policy considerations and institutional designs to disperse the business of dispute resolution in all parts of society.Because of its professional advantag⁃es in information collection and judgment,coercion,and access to the scene,administrative power has never been substantially absent in resolving some civil disputes closely related to its functional authority.After the re⁃form and opening up,China’s economic and social relations have undergone great changes in“public legaliza⁃tion of civil affairs”.The promulgation of the Civil Code has opened a new era and practice of“administrative intervention”in governance.Either of“administrative active involvement”,“administrative passive interven⁃tion”under“civil appeal”,and“the joint regulating of administrative law and civil law”constitutes a major is⁃sue and challenge to the civil dispute resolution mechanism.According to the existing research and practice,there are difficulties in the basis,fields,value,personnel,and supervision of administrative power’s interven⁃tion in civil disputes.Therefore,it is necessary to change from ideal to rationality in the approach of interven⁃tion policy and concept,to carry out power simplification and mode optimization in the choice of the right of in⁃tervention and the way of intervention,and at the same time,to exercise proper control over the operation of in⁃tervention in terms of intervention prerequisite,procedure limitation,and litigation connection.

关 键 词：民法典 民事纠纷 行政权介入 意思自治 公共秩序 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]