基于三介质换热器的电动汽车热管理系统及其性能分析  

Performance Analysis of a Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles Based on the Three-Fluid Heat Exchanger

作　　者：于天蝉 王源 石文星[1] 梁辰吉昱 李先庭[1] 岑俊平 罗敏 Yu Tianchan;Wang Yuan;Shi Wenxing;Liang Chenjiyu;Li Xianting;Cen Junping;Luo Min(Department of Building Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Shanghai Victory Auto Heat Transfer Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201500)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑技术科学系,北京100084 [2]上海威可特汽车热交换器制造有限公司,上海201500

出　　处：《汽车工程》2023年第11期2001-2013,2057,共14页Automotive Engineering

摘　　要：电动汽车能实现节能减排与蓄能调峰,其推广应用对于我国“双碳”战略目标的实现具有重要意义。针对现有电动汽车热管理系统尚存在换热流程复杂、系统能效低、难以轻量化集成等问题,本文中提出基于三介质换热器的电动汽车热管理系统,通过样机实验测试建立了三介质换热器计算模型,并结合电动汽车负荷模型与热泵模型建立了三介质换热器电动汽车热管理系统性能模型,分析该系统在不同工况下的运行特性,并与现有典型热管理系统方案进行性能对比。结果表明,在夏季36℃、60 km/h工况下,三介质换热器热管理系统相较于现有的采用风冷冷凝器、液冷冷凝器的热管理系统分别节能2.3%、15.1%;在冬季0℃、60 km/h工况下,采用舱外、舱内三介质换热器进行余热回收时,分别比不采用余热回收的系统节能5.9%、19.7%。The electric vehicle can achieve energy conservation,emission reduction,energy storage and peak shaving,which is of great significance for the realization of China′s"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"goals.For the problems of the current thermal management system for electric vehicles of complex heat exchange processes,low system energy efficiency,and the difficulty in integration and lightweight,in this paper,a thermal management system based on the three-fluid heat exchanger for electric vehicles is proposed.The calculation model of the three-fluid heat exchanger is established through prototype experiments and tests,and the performance model of the thermal management system of the three-fluid heat exchanger is established by combining the load model and heat pump model.Besides,the operating performance of the proposed thermal management system under different conditions is analyzed and compared with the existing typical thermal management systems for electric vehicles.The results show that the energy consumption of the thermal management system with the three-fluid heat exchanger is 2.3% and 15.1% lower than that of the existing air-cooled condenser system and liquid-cooled condenser system respectively at 36℃ and 60 km/h in summer.And the energy consumption of the thermal management system with the three-fluid heat exchanger in the outdoor waste heat recovery mode and indoor waste heat recovery mode is reduced by 5.9% and 19.7% respectively compared with the system without waste heat recovery at 0℃ and 60 km/h in winter.

关 键 词：电动汽车 三介质换热器 热管理系统 性能分析 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]