25份西瓜种质苗期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选  

Identification and screening of drought resistance indexes of 25 watermelon germplasms at seedling stage

作　　者：何亚萍 尹丽娟 丁小玲 王春霞 侯尹婕 马含月 于蓉[3] 岳贞 杨建强[1] 张显[1] 魏春华[1] HE Yaping;YIN Lijuan;DING Xiaoling;WANG Chunxia;HOU Yinjie;MA Hanyue;YU Rong;YUE Zhen;YANG Jianqiang;ZHANG Xian;WEI Chunhua(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Dongtai National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park,Dongtai,Jiangsu 224200,China;Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Foresty,Yinchuan,Ningxia 721000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]东台国家现代农业产业园,江苏东台224200 [3]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川721000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第12期49-59,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西北农林科技大学种业创新专项(2452022116);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系专项(CARS-25);杨凌种业创新中心重点研发项目(Ylzy-sc-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选西瓜抗旱种质并鉴定苗期的关键抗旱性指标,综合评价西瓜资源的抗旱性,为西瓜抗旱育种研究提供技术支持。【方法】以25份西瓜材料为试材,采用苗期盆栽试验,设置干旱胁迫和正常浇水2个处理,测定西瓜生长指标(株高、根长、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地上部干质量、地下部干质量和根冠比)及生理指标(叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量及过氧化氢酶活性与相对电导率),运用隶属函数法、多元线性回归分析和聚类分析等方法,比较各西瓜种质对干旱胁迫响应的差异,评价种质苗期抗旱性,筛选关键抗旱指标。【结果】干旱胁迫抑制了西瓜幼苗的生长发育,同时显著抑制了西瓜幼苗的地上部鲜质量和地下部鲜质量,株高、根长、地上部干质量和地下部干质量普遍降低,但对根冠比存在正向和负向两种不同的影响结果;干旱处理后,西瓜叶片中的脯氨酸含量显著增加,过氧化氢酶活性普遍升高,可溶性蛋白含量和相对电导率普遍降低,叶绿素和丙二醛含量因种质不同而表现出不同差异。【结论】苗期抗旱性强的西瓜材料有M20、ZTC、M33、M24和M26,可作为后期西瓜抗旱育种的材料;地上部鲜质量、过氧化氢酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、地下部干质量和根长可作为西瓜苗期抗旱性鉴定的性状指标。【Objective】This study comprehensively evaluated the drought tolerance of watermelon resources by screening drought tolerant germplasm resources and identifying key drought tolerance indexes at seedling stage to provide support for drought tolerance breeding of watermelon.【Method】Twenty-five watermelon materials were selected for two treatments of drought stress and normal watering in pots at seedling stage.Seven growth indexes including plant height,root length,aboveground fresh weight,underground fresh weight,aboveground dry weight,underground dry weight and root-shoot ratio,and six physiological indexes including chlorophyll content,soluble protein content,proline content,malondialdehyde content,catalase activity and relative conductivity were measured.Using the methods of membership function,multiple linear regression analysis and cluster analysis,the response differences of watermelon germplasm to drought stress were compared,the drought resistance of germplasm at seedling stage was evaluated,and the key drought resistance indexes were screened.【Result】Drought stress inhibited the growth and development of watermelon seedlings.Drought stress significantly inhibited shoot fresh mass and root fresh mass of watermelon seedlings,generally reduced plant height,root length,shoot dry mass and root dry mass,and had positive and negative effects on root-shoot ratio.After drought treatment,proline content in watermelon leaves increased significantly,catalase activity increased generally,soluble protein content and relative conductivity in leaves decreased generally,while chlorophyll and malondialdehyde contents showed differences among germplasms.【Conclusion】The watermelon materials with strong drought resistance at seedling stage including M20,ZTC,M33,M24 and M26,and they can be used for further breeding watermelon resources with drought resistance.Shoot fresh weight,catalase activity,soluble protein content,proline content,underground dry weight,and root length could be used as the traits for evaluati

关 键 词：西瓜 种质资源 干旱胁迫 抗旱性鉴定 

分 类 号：S651.033[农业科学—果树学]