鱼类雄性性别分化与精巢发育调控基因研究进展  

Research progress on genes regulating male sex differentiation and sperm development in fish

作　　者：杨超超 屈蓉 杜妙柔 王琪 雷忻[1,2] YANG Chaochao;QU Rong;DU Miaorou;WANG Qi;LEI Xin(College of Life Seiences,Yan'an University,Yan'an 716000,China;Yan'an Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration,Yan'an 716000)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000 [2]延安市生态恢复重点实验室,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《中国实验动物学报》2023年第9期1206-1216,共11页Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2021JM-417);延安市科技惠民计划项目(2017HM-05);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110719021)。

摘　　要：鱼类性别受环境与基因共同调控,两者均可影响鱼类性腺分化、发育,但环境如何影响性腺发育基因来调控鱼类性别尚不明确。现有研究认为,上游基因sox9、amh高表达可诱导鱼类原始性腺分化为精巢,sox9促进精母细胞增殖,amh抑制精原细胞增殖,下游基因ar、er表达水平升高可诱导鱼类精原细胞分裂、分化、精母细胞增殖以及精子发生过程;外源雌激素抑制sox9、amh表达,对ar、er则表现为低浓度诱导,高浓度抑制。综上,鱼类雄性性别分化受sox9、amh、ar、er共同调控,环境因子的改变可影响这一分化过程。因此,本文对鱼类性别分化上游主要调控基因sox9和amh,下游主要调控基因ar和er以及它们与精巢发育的关系、环境因子胁迫对这些基因和精巢组织结构的影响展开综述,以探讨鱼类精巢发育以及环境因子对这一发育过程的基因调控作用。Sex determination in fish is regulated by environmental and genetic factors,both of which can affect gonad dfferentiation and development.However,the way in which the environment affects gonad development-related genes to regulate the sex of fish remains unclear.Current studies suggest that high expression levels of the upstream genes sox9 and amh can induce primordium differentiation into spermatocytes in fish,sox9 promotes and amh inhibits spermatocyte proliferation,and elevated expression levels of the downstream genes ar and er can induce spermatocyte division,differentiation,proliferation,and spermatogenesis in fish.Exogenous estrogen inhibited the expression of sox9 and amh but induced ar and er at low concentration and inhibited them at high concentration.In conclusion,male sex differentiation in fish is regulated by sox9,amh,ar and er,and changes in environmental factors can affect the differentiation process.This report therefore reviews the upstream regulatory genes sox9 and amh and downstream regulatory genes ar and er and their relationships with sperm development.We also consider the effects of environmental factors such as stress on these genes and sperm structure,to explore sperm development and the gene-regulatory effects of environmental factors during this developmental process.

关 键 词：鱼类 精巢发育 基因调控 雄性生殖细胞 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]