某火箭发动机喷管扩散段烧蚀材料选材  

Ablative Material Selection in Diffusion Section of a Rocket Engine Nozzle

作　　者：李大勇 高延杰 罗长宏 张克石 魏化震 孔国强 Li Dayong;Gao Yanjie;Luo Changhong;Zhang Keshi;Wei Huazhen;Kong Guoqiang(Shandong Nonmetallic Materials Institute,Jinan 250031,China;State-owned Luoyang Dancheng Radio Power Plant,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东非金属材料研究所,济南250031 [2]国营洛阳丹城无线电厂,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2023年第11期37-43,共7页Engineering Plastics Application

摘　　要：为解决某总体单位提出的某战术导弹火箭发动机喷管扩散段结构及热环境工况要求,进行了扩散段用烧蚀材料试验对比筛选。对短切碳纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料预浸料和高硅氧玻璃纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料预浸料进行研究,分析不同材料的拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲强度和线烧蚀率,制备产品样件进行水压爆破试验,分析不同纤维长度以及不同纤维种类对产品抗压强度的影响,并通过发动机地面静试研究扩散段烧蚀材料适用情况。结果表明,虽然酚醛树脂/短切碳纤维复合材料的力学性能及耐烧蚀性能均优于酚醛树脂/长丝高硅氧玻璃纤维复合材料,但在发动机温度低于2 000℃、固体粒子含量较多且燃气流速度较大的部位,酚醛树脂/短切碳纤维复合材料的耐冲刷性能较差,无法满足使用要求,酚醛树脂/长丝高硅氧玻璃纤维复合材料耐烧蚀及抗冲刷性能更优异,可满足使用要求。进一步探讨了在特定热、力环境下不同纤维增强体烧蚀材料的热防护机理机制,通过发动机试验进行了选材方案验证,为特定热环境烧蚀材料选用提供了理论及应用依据。To solve the requirement of structure and thermal environment requirements of the nozzle diffusion section of a tactical missile rocket engine proposed by the overall unit,the ablative material test for the diffusion section was compared and screened.The short-cut carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin prepreg and high-silica glass fiber reinforced phenolic resin prepreg were selected for research,and the tensile strength,compressive strength,bending strength and line ablation rate of different materials were analyzed.The product samples were prepared for water pressure blasting test,and the effects of different fiber lengths and different fiber types on the compressive strength of the products were analyzed.The application of the ablation material in the diffusion section was studied by static test of the engine on the ground.The results show that although the mechanical properties and ablation resistance of phenolic/short cut carbon fiber materials are better than those of phenolic/filament high-silica glass fiber materials,the erosion resistance of phenolic/short cut carbon fiber materials is poor in the parts where the engine temperature is lower than 2 000 ℃,the solid particle content is more and the gas flow speed is larger,and the application requirements cannot be met.phenolic/filament high silica glass fiber material has better ablative resistance and erosion resistance,which can meet the requirements of use.And the thermal protection mechanism of different fiber reinforcement ablative materials in the specific thermal and mechanical environment was further discussed.The material selection scheme was verified through the engine test,which provides a basis for the selection of ablative materials in the specific thermal environment theoretical and application basis.

关 键 词：碳纤维 高硅氧玻璃纤维 喷管扩散段 烧蚀 机理 

分 类 号：TQ342[化学工程—化纤工业]