全生物可降解地膜的土壤环境效应研究——以玉溪市为例  

Study on Soil Environmental Effect of Biodegradable Mulch Film as Yuxi City

作　　者：夏鸾金玥 王帅兵 申雨禾 黄彩霞 曾维庆 岳志强 XIA Luanjinyue;WANG Shuaibing;SHEN Yuhe;HUANG Caixia;ZENG Weiqing;YUE Zhiqiang(School of Chemistry,Biology and Environment,Yuxi Normal University Yuxi,Yunnan 653100;Yuxi Agricultural Environment and Rural Energy Workstation Yuxi,Yunnan 653100)

机构地区：[1]玉溪师范学院化学生物与环境学院,云南玉溪653100 [2]玉溪市农业环境与农村能源工作站,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《现代农业研究》2023年第10期1-7,共7页Modern Agriculture Research

基　　金：云南省科技厅青丰基金项目“基于生态化学计量学的抚仙湖流域坡耕地面源污染控制机制研究”(项目编号:202101AU070008);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“等高反坡阶对抚仙湖流域坡耕地水土和养分流失的影响”(项目编号:2020J0646);农业农村部横向委托项目“农田地膜残留污染监测评价项目”(项目编号:13230053);玉溪师范学院创新项目“玉溪市全生物可降解地膜的土壤环境效应研究”(项目编号:2021A057)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对我国农业生产过程中,农用地膜大规模使用带来的环境问题,通过运用可降解地膜进行田间实验,研究可降解地膜的土壤环境效应,为可降解地膜的推广使用提供理论依据。【方法】通过在试验核心区进行三种厚度(0.006 mm、0.008 mm、0.01 mm)的可降解地膜布设,同时设置普通PE地膜和不覆膜试验区作为对照,对比在相同的气候、栽培条件下,不同类型的膜的降解情况,其所生长的烟叶情况,及其所覆盖土壤产生的环境效应,进行对比研究。【结果】(1)核心区所采用的地膜均有良好的保温保水效果。(2)通过全生物可降解地膜的降解情况可以看出,不同厚度的可降解地膜在试验区均可以在作物收获前保持完整。(3)可降解地膜的覆盖对作物的产量具有一定的增益效果。【结论】全生物可降解地膜在实验区域内可以取得良好的效果,对作物的生长发育具有增益作用,其中以0.008 mm厚度的全生物可降解地膜效果最为明显,为全生物可降解地膜的推广提供了良好的理论依据。[Objective]In view of the environmental problems caused by the large-scale use of agricultural mulch film in the process of agricultural production in China,the soil environmental effects of degradable mulch film were studied by using degradable mulch film in field experiments,so as to provide theoretical basis for the popularization and application of degradable mulch film.[Method]Three kinds of degradable plastic films with different thicknesses(0.006 mm,0.008 mm,0.01 mm)were arranged in the core area of the experiment.At the same time,the common PE film and the non-mulching test area were set as the control.The degradation of different types of films under the same climate and cultivation conditions,the growth of tobacco leaves and the environmental effects of the covered soil were compared.[Results]①The film used in the core area had good heat preservation and water retention effect.②Through the whole biodegradable film degradation can be seen that different thickness of biodegradable film in the test area can be kept intact before crop harvest.③The coverage of degradable film has a certain gain effect on crop yield.[Conclusion]The whole biodegradable film can achieve good results in the experimental area and has a gain effect on the growth and development of crops.Among them,the whole biodegradable film with a thickness of 0.008 mm has the most obvious effect,which provides a good theoretical basis for the promotion of the whole biodegradable film.

关 键 词：全生物可降解地膜 土壤环境效应 作物生长发育 

分 类 号：S152.45[农业科学—土壤学]