万山群岛秋季鱼类营养级及营养生态位研究  

Trophic levels and niches of fish communities during autumn in the Wanshan Islands

作　　者：石娟 李纯厚[1,2] 王腾 赵金发 宋晓宇 王春伶 刘永 吴鹏[1,2] SHI Juan;LI Chunhou;WANG Teng;ZHAO Jinfa;SONG Xiaoyu;WANG Chunling;LIU Yong;WU Peng(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Observation and Research Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem,Guangdong Province,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province/Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Sanya 572018,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]西沙岛礁渔业生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站/海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室/三亚热带水产研究院,海南三亚572018 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第7期891-906,共16页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901204,2019YFD0901201);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2019B1515120065);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2019B030302004-05);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD16);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2021SD04,2019TS28)。

摘　　要：为探究万山群岛鱼类群落的营养结构特征,构建万山群岛渔业生物简要食物网,于2021年秋季(9月)利用稳定同位素技术分析了万山群岛主要渔业生物的营养结构特征,并计算了其营养结构的量化指标。结果表明,万山群岛海域鱼类δ^(13)C值变化范围为-21.23‰(鲻Mugil cephalus)~-14.00‰(黑边布氏鲾Eubleekeria splendens),均值为(-16.96±0.41)‰,δ^(15)N值变化范围为9.93‰(卵形鲳鲹Trachinotus ovatus)~14.83‰(截尾白姑鱼Pennahia anea),均值为(12.52±0.34)‰,鱼类的营养级变化范围为2.54~3.98,平均营养级为3.30。鱼类的δ^(13)C变幅(CR)为7.23,δ^(15)N变幅(NR)为4.90,凸多边形总面积(TA)为23.64,矫正后的标准椭圆面积(SEAc)为3.73,平均离心距离(CD)为1.30,平均最邻近距离(MNND)和平均最邻近距离标准差(SDNND)均为0.24。基于碳氮稳定同位素值可将万山群岛的鱼类划分为3个类群,分别是浮游食性鱼类4种(3.57%)、底栖食性鱼类7种(6.25%)和低级肉食性鱼类101种(90.18%)。Bayesian混合模型计算万山群岛海域鱼类的食物主要来源于浮游动物(zooplankton),其贡献率为62.54%,其次是藻类贡献率为25.28%。本研究初步构建了万山群岛鱼类连续营养谱,对掌握万山群岛海域食物网与营养结构特征有重要意义,可为万山群岛生态系统的保护与管理提供有力的数据支撑。To explore the nutritional structure and subsequently construct a brief food network of fish communities in the Wanshan Islands,this study analyzed the main nutritional characteristics of the key fishery organisms using stable isotope technology in autumn(September)of 2021,while simultaneously calculating various quantitative indicators.As a result,theδ^(13)C value of fish from the Wanshan Islands ranged from-21.23‰(Mugil cephalus)to-14.00‰(Eubleekeria splendens),with a mean value of(-16.96±0.41)‰.Additionally,theδ^(15)N value ranged from 9.93‰(Trachinotus ovatus)to 14.83‰(Pennahia anea),with a mean value of(12.52±0.34)‰.The trophic levels of these fish varied from 2.54 to 3.98,with an average trophic level of 3.30.Furthermore,theδ^(13)C range(CR),δ^(15)N range(NR),total area(TA),standard ellipse area(SEAc),mean distance to centroid(CD),mean nearest neighbor distance(MNND),and standard deviation of nearest neighbor distance(SDNND)of the fish were 7.23,4.90,23.64,3.73,1.30,and 0.24,respectively.Based on the stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen,the fishes in the Wanshan Islands could be divided into three main groups:4 species(3.57%)of planktivorous fishes,7 species(6.25%)of benthic fishes,and 101 species(90.18%)of low-grade carnivorous fishes.According to the Bayesian mixed model,the main food source of fish in the Wanshan Islands is zooplankton with contribution rate of 62.54%,followed by algae with a contribution rate of 25.28%.This study constructed a novel continuous trophic spectrum of the fishes in the Wanshan Islands that was of great significance in examining the characteristics of food web and trophic structure and could provide strong data support for the protection and management of the Wanshan Islands ecosystem.

关 键 词：万山群岛 珠江口 营养生态位 营养级 食物网 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]