珠江下游7种典型鲤科鱼类摄食器官形态特征比较  

Comparative study of the morphological variation in the feeding organs of seven Cyprinid species in the lower reaches of the Pearl River

作　　者：寇春妮 李捷[2,3] 陈蔚涛 高尚 武智 刘亚秋[2,3] KOU Chunni;LI Jie;CHEN Weitao;GAO Shang;WU Zhi;LIU Yaqiu(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Acadeny of Fishery Sciences,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Pearl River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China;Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部珠江中下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,广东广州510380 [3]国家渔业资源环境广州观测实验站,广东广州510380

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第7期907-920,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900902);中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所自主科技创新项目(2023CXYC6);广州市科技计划项目(202201010762)。

摘　　要：为探究鲤科鱼类的摄食器官形态差异,以珠江下游的海南鲌(Culter recurviceps)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、广东鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)7种典型鲤科鱼类为研究对象,基于形态解剖和多元分析等方法,比较了这7种鱼类外部和内部摄食器官形态的特征差异。结果显示,7种鲤科鱼类外部摄食器官形态的种间差异主要体现在口裂宽、口裂高等与食物捕获有关的性状上,内部摄食器官形态的种间差异主要体现在咽骨长、咽骨后肢长等与食物咀嚼有关的性状上,内部摄食器官形态分化程度显著大于外部摄食器官。另外,研究发现食性对鲤科鱼类内部摄食器官形态影响大于系统发育地位的影响,外部摄食器官形态性状对于鱼类分类具有重要的参考价值。本研究揭示了同域分布鲤科鱼类的摄食器官结构差异,探讨了摄食器官形态结构与食性、系统演化地位的关系,对于了解鲤科鱼类生态适应机制以及开展珠江鱼类资源保护具有重要意义。The Pearl River,the largest river in Southern China,contains rich fish biodiversity and harbors a great number of cyprinid species.Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Megalobrama terminalis,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Squaliobarbus curriculus,Culter alburnus,Cirrhinus molitorella,and Cyprinus carpio are the most prevalent cyprinid species found in the lower reaches of the Pearl River where they play a key role in maintaining the stability of the food web.Due to the apparent differences in their feeding preferences,the morphological characteristics and degree of differentiation of their feeding organs may also vary.As a result,they are excellent candidates to investigate the morphological characteristics of feeding organs of cyprinid fish.The morphological variations of the feeding organs of these seven species were examined using a multi-faceted approach including traditional morphological anatomy,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),principal component analysis(PCA),and hierarchical clustering.The ANOVA results showed that the head length,snout length,mouth width,and mouth height of C.recurviceps were significantly greater than those of M.terminalis,S.curriculus,and C.idellus(P<0.05),and the length of the pharyngeal forelimb of C.idellus was significantly shorter than those of M.terminalis and C.recurviceps(P<0.05).Notably,the length of the gill rake of H.molitrix was remarkably longer than that of the remaining species(P<0.05).The PCA results revealed that the morphological differences in the external feeding organs of the seven cyprinid species were primarily focused on mouth breadth and height,both of which are related to food capture.In contrast,the morphological differences in the interior feeding organs were primarily focused on the lengths of the pharyngeal bone and hindlimb,both of which are related to food chewing.Furthermore,we detected that the degree of differentiation in the interior feeding organs was higher than that in the external feeding organs.The cluster results of the morphological indexes of the extern

关 键 词：鲤科鱼类 摄食器官 形态 主成分分析 系统发育 分化 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]