数据要素的权利界定与制度保障:基于效率的法律激励  

The Legal Limitation of Property Rights and Protective System of Data as Productive Factors:Legal Incentives Based on Efficiency

作　　者：谷川 GU Chuan(Beijing Water Resources and Affairs Law Enforcement Corps,Beijing 100036,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市水务综合执法总队,北京100036

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2023年第5期105-121,共17页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：从数字私人领域的外部激励需求入手,引申出数据要素法律界权的必要性。在数据供给与处理环节,个人数据的权利应赋予用户,数据处理者收集或使用个人数据,应以事先告知并取得用户个人同意为原则。在此基础上,作为数据处理者的平台企业与第三方数据运营者就平台内数据的利益分配,应满足前者的数据收益和安全保障需求,后者在访问、收集或使用平台内数据时应给予合理补偿。在数据流通环节,针对数据交易的经验类型,通过自愿交易、强制交易、管制交易以及禁止交易等四种基本制度安排,增进法律界权后的数据权利在交易过程中的有效保护,提高数据要素在私人领域的优化配置水平,进而奠定数据交易法律秩序的基础。The necessity of the legal limitation of property rights of data as productive factors is extended from the external incentive demand in the digital private sphere.In the part of data supply and processing,the legal right to personal data should be given to the user.The platform enterprise should inform the user and obtain their consent before collecting or using them.On this basis,the benefit allocation of data in the platform would be embodied that the platform enterprise should hold the rights of data income and security to the platform,and other data processors shall give reasonable compensation when collecting or using that data.In the part of data transaction,four basic institutional arrangements,including voluntary transaction,compulsory transaction,regulated transaction and prohibited transaction rules,shall enhance the effective protection of data rights according to experience types of data transaction after legal limitation of property rights to data resources,and improve the optimal allocation level of data as productive factors in the data market,meanwhile lay the foundation for the legal order of data transaction.

关 键 词：数据界权 个人信息 平台企业 数据交易 法律经济学 

分 类 号：DF523[政治法律—民商法学]