元初文人“科举累人”观辨析  

The Theory of the Restriction of the Imperial Examination in the Early Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：赵彬 ZHAO Bin(College of Chinese language and literature,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学中国语言文学学院,乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期87-95,共9页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“元代西域作家诗文文献整理与研究”(22XZW046)。

摘　　要：元朝初期科举久未施行,文人在有距离的旁观中对于科举的兴废进行理性反思。他们从文学发展、经学传播、理学研习、铨选制度的得失以及个人身心健康等方面探讨科举的流弊,明确提出“科举累人”说。深入分析“科举累人”观念可以见出:一方面元初文人也看到科举的优点,体认到其存在的科学性、合理性,对之并非完全否定;另一方面,“科举累人”观却能够一定程度上摆脱宋元易代之际文人自身政治归属的影响,反映出当时文人主张文统与道统合流的发展愿景。从本质上说,元初文人的这一愿景与自中唐以来逐渐形成并最终占据主流地位的“文道合一”的文艺思潮是相契合的。In the early Yuan Dynasty,the imperial examination system was not carried out for a long time,so the literati began to think rationally about its advantages and disadvantages.They discussed the shortcomings of the imperial examination from the aspects of the development of literature,the spread of classics,the study of Cheng-Zhu school,the gain and loss of the system of civil service selection and the personal physical and mental health.In-depth analysis found that the early Yuan Dynasty scholars also saw the advantages of the imperial examination.The imperial examination is not completely negative;they recognize the scientific and rational nature of their existence.However,the cause of this phenomenon has little to do with the literati's own political identity;its essence is the fusion of the literary tradition and the neo-Confucianism tradition.In essence,this vision of the literati in the early Yuan dynasty coincided with the literary trend of thought of“unity of literature and Taoism”,which gradually formed and eventually occupied the mainstream position since the middle Tang dynasty.

关 键 词：元朝初期 文人 “科举累人”观 文道合一 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]