战略文化视角下的中国古代天下主义  

Tianxiaism in Ancient China from the Perspectiveof Strategic Culture

作　　者：侯长坤 Hou Changkun

机构地区：[1]台湾大学政治学系,中国台湾

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2023年第5期110-135,7,8,共28页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：天下主义多次成为中国意象的代表,却一直未能成为一个系统理论。从战略文化的角度来看,天下主义的众多分支或许可以凝聚为一个体系,既往研究在其体系中也代表了不同方面,例如,身份建构、对外政策、制度安排等方面。然而,天下主义的战略文化研究仍过于粗糙,在概念化的基础上需要进一步类型化,以期天下主义研究能与主流国际关系理论对话,并使世界了解中国。古代中国的秦、汉、唐、宋四个王朝,体现了天下主义的战略主文化之下四种亚文化类型,即“名天下”“强天下”“柔天下”“弱天下”。天下主义的战略主、亚文化界定与划分及其在古代中国的体现,有利于天下主义研究对古代中国历史各战略时期的梳理、对当代中国战略制定与走向的把握。Tianxiaism has often been representative of China's imagery,yet it has never evolved into a systematic theory.When viewed from the angle of strategic culture,the many branches of Tianxiaism might coalesce into a coherent system.Past research represents various aspects of Tianxiaism,such as identity construction,foreign policy,and institutional arrangements.However,the study of Tianxiaism's strategic culture remains rudimentary.There is a need for further typology based on its conceptual foundation,and there is a hope that the research on Tianxiaism can engage in a dialogue with mainstream international relations theories and help the world understand China.The four ancient Chinese dynasties,namely Qin,Han,Tang,and Song,embodied four subcultural types under the main strategic culture of Tianxiaism,termed"Nominal Tianxia","Strong Tianxia","Soft Tianxia",and"Weak Tianxia".Defining and distinguishing the main and sub-cultures of Tianxiaism and its manifestation in ancient China aids in organizing Tianxiaism research on different strategic periods of ancient China and grasping contemporary Chinese strategic formulation and direction.

关 键 词：国际政治理论 中国 天下 天下主义 战略文化 秦朝 汉朝 唐朝 宋朝 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学] K23[历史地理—历史学]