以“小”搏“大”——英属殖民地非殖民化进程中的“文莱方式”  

Use"Small"to Achieve"Big":The"Brunei Way"in British Decolonization

作　　者：孔金磊 Kong Jinlei

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学亚洲学院地区研究教研室,100089 [2]北京外国语大学中国马来研究中心

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2023年第5期136-160,8,共26页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：第二次世界大战后,绝大多数英属殖民地在非殖民化进程中看似掌握主动权,但在宪政制度设立、国家独立形态等方面依然受到英国的限制。然而,以文莱为典型代表的一部分小型殖民地,却能够在实力对比处于劣势的前提下,最大程度争取自身利益,展现出理论与现实的矛盾性。1963年前后,文莱苏丹奥马尔以石油资源为条件,化体量狭小的“劣势”为“优势”,在与英国和马来亚联合邦的博弈中掌握主动权,从而实现自身利益的最大化,达成了保障政治生存与经济利益的最终目的。这一路径创造了英属殖民地非殖民化进程的“文莱方式”。For most British colonies,the process of decolonization after World War II showed two salient characteristics:the realismoriented decolonization policy of the British government and the colonies'passive acceptance of the arrangements by the British government.However,Brunei Darussalam and several other small colonies successfully preserved national independence and constitutional autonomy by relying on their own oil resources and small size.They had created the"Brunei Way"in British decolonization.In the case of Brunei's decision not to join Malaysia around 1963,the Sultan of Brunei used oil as bargaining power,turned the colony's small size from a"disadvantage"into an"advantage,"and subsequently maximized its interests in negotiations with the United Kingdom and Malaya.By doing so,Brunei had achieved its ultimate goal of political survival and economic autonomy.This historical event had created the"Brunei way"in British decolonization.

关 键 词：地区与国别政治 英属殖民地 非殖民化 小国 “文莱方式” 石油资源 

分 类 号：D856.1[政治法律—政治学] D834.4[政治法律—外交学]