拜登政府国防科技创新的“新举国体制”  

The Biden Administration's “New National System” for Defense Technology Innovation

作　　者：王萍 WANG Ping

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2023年第3期42-65,128,129,共26页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“世界动荡变革期的时代特性、战略风险及中国应对方案研究”(项目编号:23ZDA122)的资助成果。

摘　　要：自美国建国以来,联邦政府就对国防科技创新给予大力支持,第二次世界大战后更是将对国防科技研发的支持机制化,引领着国际国防尖端技术的发展方向。然而,自奥巴马政府以来,美国各界逐步认识到,相比于恐怖主义,来自中俄等国的竞争,尤其是在新兴技术领域的竞争,对美国的国家安全构成了更加严重的“威胁”,但如今美国政府对国防科技创新的引领明显不足。拜登政府执政以来,为进一步建强作为大国竞争战略重要支撑的国家安全创新基地,不仅强化了对国防科技创新的战略指导,更是在优化创新生态、完善人才培育机制等方面都给予了有力的政策和资金支持,美国国防科技创新的“新举国体制”由此得以确立。短期来看,该体制有利于美国保持其军事技术优势,促进经济发展。然而,如果美国无视世界经济发展的现实合作需求而一味地固守冷战思维,其国防科技创新中的“新举国体制”最终有可能带来与其初衷南辕北辙的后果。Since the founding of the nation,the U.S. government has been a stalwart supporter of defense technology innovation,especially since the World War Ⅱ,when it institutionalized support for defense technology research and development and became a leader in the development of cutting-edge defense technology worldwide. However,since the Obama administration,a consensus has been forming across the United States that,in comparison to terrorism,competition from nations such as China and Russia poses a more serious threat to America's national security,especially in emerging technology domains. Yet,the U.S. government's leadership in defense technology innovation has been noticeably lacked.Since taking office, the Biden administration has aimed to further strengthen the national security innovation base,which is viewed as a critical pillar of its great power competition strategy. To this end,it has not only strengthened strategic guidance for defense technology innovation but has also provided robust policy and financial support in optimizing innovation ecology and improving talent mechanisms, leading to the establishment of a “new national system” for U.S. defense technology innovation. In the short term, the establishment of such a system is conducive to maintaining America's military and technological advantages and promoting its economic development. However, if the U.S.government turns a blind eye to the actual cooperative needs of global economic development and rigidly adheres to the “Cold War mentality”,the “new national system ” in its defense technology innovation may ultimately lead to unintended consequences.

关 键 词：美国国防科技创新 “新举国体制” 大国竞争 拜登政府 

分 类 号：E712[军事—军事理论]