土壤孔隙结构检测技术研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Detection Technology of Soil Pore Structure

作　　者：蔡位子 刘怡颖 江俊 欧阳霖 杨沄瑾 卢煜强 侯俊伟 齐龙[1,2] 王海林 CAI Wei-zi;LIU Yi-ying;JIANG Jun;OUYANG Lin;YANG Yun-jin;LU Yu-qiang;HOU Jun-wei;QI Long;WANG Hai-lin(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Laboratory forL ingnan Modern Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2023年第5期627-640,共14页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000201);岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室自主科研项目(NT2021009);国家水稻产业技术体系建设专项基金项目(CARS-01-47);国家自然科学基金项目(51875217)。

摘　　要：土壤孔隙是水气运移和生物运动的通道,在调节土壤肥力和生态功能中起着至关重要的作用。土壤孔隙结构的量化研究是认识土壤结构、明晰孔隙结构与宏观功能关系的前提。然而,受土壤自身复杂性的限制,目前土壤孔隙结构检测技术普遍存在精确度低、重复性差和操作复杂等问题。针对获取和量化土壤孔隙结构中的重点和难点,归纳了现有方法的优缺点、潜在误差源及应用场景。现有方法总体可分为两大类:间接法和直接观察法,间接法是利用土壤中水、气、声、热等特性获得孔隙直径、体积或孔固体表面积等信息,主要包括水分特征曲线法、压汞法、气体吸附法、声波法、热脉冲-时域反射法、变压法、回归分析法等;直接观察法可以通过几何可视化来直接观察土壤孔隙空间,并借助图像处理技术,从图像中提取大量的定量形态学和拓扑描述符进行评估,例如切片观察法、扫描电子显微镜技术、计算机断层扫描技术、核磁共振技术等。对表征土壤孔隙结构的定量化方法进行了总结,梳理了近5年常规统计法、地统计学和分形理论在土壤孔隙结构定量化研究上的应用和成果。最后对今后田间原位土壤孔隙结构检测的发展方向进行了展望,尝试为土壤孔隙结构的现场检测装置研发提供理论参考和新思路。Soil pore structure controls the transport of gases,water,solutes,colloids and particles,which is closely related to the crucial soil functions in the biosphere:water supply,water conservation,water purification,gas exchange,etc.Therefore,quantitative study of soil pore structure is the premise of understanding soil structure and clarifying the relationship between pore structure and macroscopic functions.However,limited by the complexity of soil itself,the quantitative techniques of soil pore structure generally have some problems,such as low accuracy,poor repeatability and complex operation.Aiming at the key points and difficulties in obtaining and quantifying soil pore structure,this paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages,potential error sources and application scenarios of existing methods,including indirect method and direct observation method.Indirect method is to obtain pore diameter,volume or pore solid surface area by using water,gas,sound and heat characteristics in soil,which mainly include soil water characteristic curve(SWCC)method,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),gas adsorption method,acoustic wave method,thermo-time domain reflectometry(Thermo-TDR),variable pressure method,and regression analysis method,etc.Whereas,the direct observation method can directly observe the soil pore space through geometric visualization,and with the help of image processing technology,a large number of quantitative morphological and topological descriptors can be extracted from the image for evaluation,such as slice observation method,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),computed tomography(CT),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),etc.The quantitative methods of soil pore structure characterization were summarized,sorting out the applications and results of conventional statistical methods,geostatistics and fractal theory in the quantitative research of soil pore structure over the past five years.Finally,the future development direction of in-situ detecting techniques for soil pore is prospected,trying to provide

关 键 词：土壤 孔隙结构 检测技术 定量化 研究现状 发展趋势 

分 类 号：S152.5[农业科学—土壤学]