2022年全球矿业政策与管理形势分析  

Analysis of global mining policies and management in 2022

作　　者：孙春强 赵仕玲[2] 闫卫东 张雅丽 汤文豪 曹庭语 许憬秋 SUN Chunqiang;ZHAO Shiling;YAN Weidong;ZHANG Yali;TANG Wenhao;CAO Tingyu;XU Jingqiu(Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100812,China;China Non-ferrous Metal Resource Geological Survey,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部信息中心,北京100812 [2]有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京100012

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2023年第10期1780-1787,共8页Mineral Exploration

基　　金：自然资源部部门预算项目“自然资源管理重大问题研究”(1211010000009009)资助。

摘　　要：2022年受新冠肺炎疫情反复等超预期因素影响,全球经济复苏放缓,矿产品价格剧烈波动。本文通过对全球矿业政策的变化情况进行动态跟踪与系统研判,得出如下结论:资源民族主义和保护主义的表现形式更加多样化,全球矿业投资环境比以往任何时候都更加复杂多变,投资风险不断加大。越来越多的国家加入矿法修改的行列,矿业政策的调整更加频繁。发展中国家通过继续加强矿业权管理,维护良好的矿业秩序。许多国家通过国有化、成立国有矿业公司、限定矿产品价格和出口目的地等不同方式来直接干预矿业市场。资源国政府提高矿业税负水平的趋势明显,矿业公司将无法获得以往的高收益。以美国为首的经济体通过在世界范围内重组关键矿产供应链,持续深化竞争态势,试图改变原先的矿业格局。这些结论对于把握全球矿业走势具有重要的参考价值。The global economy recovered slowly and the price of mineral products fluctuated sharply in 2022 due to the repeated unexpected factors such as the COVID-19.Through dynamic tracking and systematic analysis of changes of global mining policies,the conclusions are drawn as follows:the forms of resource nationalism and protectionism are more diversified,leading to a more complex and ever-changing global mining investment environment and increasing investment risks.More and more countries are revising mining laws,and the adjustment of mining policies is becoming more frequent.Developing countries continue to strengthen the management of mining rights in order to maintain a good mining order.Many countries directly intervene in the mining market through different ways such as nationalization,establishment of state-owned mining companies,and limiting the prices and export destinations of mineral products.The trend of resource country governments increasing the level of mining tax burden is obvious,so that mining companies will not be able to obtain the high profits they had in the past.Economies led by the United States have continued to deepen competitive situation by restructuring critical mineral supply chains in the world,so as to attempt to change global original mining pattern.These conclusions have important reference value for grasping the global mining trend.

关 键 词：矿法 权益金 矿业政策 关键矿产 资源民族主义 

分 类 号：F416.1[经济管理—产业经济]