大数据如何影响劳动收入份额?——来自国家级大数据综合试验区的证据  

Can Big Data Increase the Labor Income Share:Evidence from National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zones

作　　者：卜寒 高远东[1,2] 寻舟 Bu Han;Gao Yuandong;Xun Zhou

机构地区：[1]西南大学经济管理学院,400715 [2]西南大学普惠金融与农业农村发展研究中心 [3]南京财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《南方经济》2023年第11期62-82,共21页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目“中国城乡相对贫困的识别与统计测度研究”(2021YC060);重庆市社会科学规划项目“重庆民族地区防止返贫监测与长效帮扶机制研究”(2021NDQN62);西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助“共同富裕背景下农村低收入人口常态化帮扶机制创新研究”(SWU2209218);国家自然科学基金地区项目“社会流动视角下的再分配偏好与贫困感知关系研究”(71764008)资助。

摘　　要：推动劳动收入份额的增长是实现共同富裕的重要保障。文章立足于数据已经成为中国经济发展最重要的生产要素之一这一基本事实,以大数据作为研究切入,基于2011—2020年中国A股上市公司数据,利用国家级大数据综合试验区建立这一外生事件,采用多期双重差分方法系统考察了大数据与劳动收入份额的关系。研究结果显示,大数据能够显著提升企业劳动收入份额,且在经过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验等一系列稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立。机制分析表明,大数据可以通过直接效应和间接效应影响企业劳动收入份额。其中,直接效应表现为新任务创造和自动化扩张效应,且新任务创造效应有助于企业劳动收入份额的增加,而自动化扩张效应会导致企业劳动收入份额降低。间接效应表现为自动化加深和融资约束缓解效应,且两种间接效应均能有效提升企业劳动收入份额。进一步分析发现,大数据的劳动收入份额提升效应仅存在于东部地区和高市场化水平地区的企业、资本密集型企业、非国有企业以及小规模企业。此外,大数据主要通过缓解企业间的工资收入差距,而非企业内部的工资收入差距来改善劳动收入内部分配结构。文章的研究有助于理解数据要素如何改变要素收入分配结构,为政府部门强化大数据在改善收入差距的作用提供了决策参考。Promoting the growth of labor income share is an important guarantee for achieving common prosperity.This article is based on the fundamental fact that data has become one of the most important production factors for China's economic de⁃velopment.Taking Big Data as the research focus and using the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2020,this study establishes an exogenous event based on the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zones and systematically ex⁃amines the relationship between Big Data and labor income share using the staggered difference-in-differences method.The research results show that Big Data can significantly increase the labor income share of enterprises,and this conclusion still holds true after a series of robustness tests such as parallel trend test and placebo test.Mechanism analysis shows that Big Da⁃ta can affect the labor income share of enterprises through direct and indirect effects.The direct effects manifest as the new task creation effect and automation expansion effect,with the new task creation contributing to an increase in the labor in⁃come share,while the automation expansion leads to a decrease in the labor income share.The indirect effects manifest as the automation deepening and the financing constraints alleviation,and both indirect effects can effectively increase the labor in⁃come share.Further analysis reveals that the positive effect of Big Data on labor income share exists only in eastern regions,high marketization level areas,capital-intensive enterprises,non-state-owned enterprises,and small-scale enterprises.Fur⁃thermore,Big Data primarily improves the internal distribution structure of labor income by alleviating wage income dispari⁃ties between enterprises rather than within enterprises.The research in this article helps to understand how data elements change the distribution structure of factor income and provides decision-making references for government departments to strengthen the role of Big Data in reducing income disparitie

关 键 词：大数据 劳动收入份额 新任务创造 自动化 工资收入差距 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济] F244[经济管理—国民经济]