三个小麦-华山新麦草二体附加系分子细胞遗传学的初步鉴定  

Preliminary Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of Three Additional Lines of Wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica Disomy

作　　者：谢林财 屈晓健 吉万全[1,2] 赵继新 张宏[1,2] XIE Lincai;QU Xiaojian;JI Wanquan;ZHAO Jixin;ZHANG Hong(College of Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部作物基因资源与种质创制陕西科学观测实验站,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2023年第12期1495-1503,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2021JM-090)。

摘　　要：华山新麦草是我国华山地区特有小麦近缘物种,具有抗逆、早熟、优质等特点,对小麦的白粉病、条锈病、赤霉病也具有良好的抗性,是小麦重要的三级基因库。为进一步更好地发挥华山新麦草基因资源的作用,本研究利用细胞学方法、原位杂交技术、分子标记技术、农艺性状评估和抗病性鉴定对普通小麦-华山新麦草衍生后代材料进行鉴定,并获得了20H11、17H21、18H28三个小麦-华山新麦草衍生系。结果表明,20H11、17H21和18H28的染色体数都是44条,均携带2条属于华山新麦草的Ns染色体和42条普通小麦染色体。利用华山新麦草的特异分子标记进行检测,证明20H11、17H21和18H28分别为3Ns、4Ns和2Ns二体附加系。通过农艺性状调查,3个试验异染色体系与亲本7182相比,株高和小穗粒数的差异不显著;分蘖数目与亲本7182有显著差异;20H11的穗长显著短于亲本7182;17H21的分蘖数显著少于亲本7182。经条锈病抗性鉴定,18H28高抗条锈病小种CYR32和CYR34。因此,这三个华山新麦草衍生系可作为中间材料用于小麦遗传育种研究。Psathyrostachys huashanica is a closely related species of wheat endemic in Huashan region of China.It has the characteristics of stress resistance,early maturity and high quality.It also has good resistance to powdery,stripe rust and scab of wheat,and is an important third-level gene pool of wheat.To better utilize the genetic resources of P.huashanica,we used cytological methods,in situ hybridization,molecular markers,evaluation of agronomic traits,and identification of disease resistance to identify the progeny-line materials of common wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica.Three wheat-P.huashanica derivatives(20H11,17H21,18H28)were obtained.The results showed that 20H11,17H21,and 18H28 all had 44 chromosomes,and they all carried 2 Ns chromosomes belonging to P.huashanica and 42 Triticum aestivum L.chromosomes.Using the specific molecular markers of P.huashanica,the results showed that 20H11,17H21,and 18H28 were 3Ns,4Ns and 2Ns disomic addition lines,respectively.There was no significant difference in plant height and grain number of spikelet between the experimental materials and the parent 7182.The number of tillers in the experimental materials was significantly different from that in the parent 7182.The panicle length of 20H11 was significantly shorter than that of parent 7182.The number of spikelets in 17H21 was significantly less than that in parent 7182 and the number of tillers was the least.However,the results of stripe rust resistance identification showed that 18H28 was highly resistant to stripe rust races CYR32 and CYR34.The developed progeny materials of P.huashanica could used be in wheat breeding as intermediate materials.

关 键 词：小麦 华山新麦草 原位杂交 分子标记 条锈病 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330