听古典音乐真的会变聪明吗?基于广义莫扎特效应的元分析  

Does classical music make you smarter?A meta-analysis based on generalized Mozart effect

作　　者：陈丽君[1] 黄美林 蒋销柳 汪新建 CHEN Lijun;HUANG Meilin;JIANG Xiaoliu;WANG Xinjian(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学人文社会科学学院,福州350108 [2]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2023年第12期2232-2262,共31页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA043)资助。

摘　　要：是否存在莫扎特效应?若有,其产生的机制是什么?关于这些话题目前悬而未解且争论激烈。为明确古典音乐对认知表现的促进效果及其影响因素,探明莫扎特效应的产生机制,本研究对检索后获得的91项研究(172个独立效果量,7159名被试)使用随机效应模型进行元分析。结果发现:剔除异常值后,古典音乐能显著改善认知表现,整体效果量较小(Hedges’g=0.36,p<0.001),二者之间的关系受到年龄、文化背景、实验设计类型、任务对应大脑优势半球的调节,且性别与年龄、文化背景、优势半球存在交互作用。此外,直接启动说得到更有力的支持,但莫扎特效应的产生机制仍需进一步探讨。后续的研究应进一步明晰莫扎特效应的产生机制及其他潜在调节变量,以此帮助人们更理性、全面看待莫扎特音乐的效果,合理进行音乐教育。Over the last century,there has been a rapid growth in the empirical literature on the Mozart effect.However,some findings have proven difficult to replicate,leading to a proliferation of inconsistent results.To determine whether classical music enhances cognitive performance,explain the heterogeneity in the results of previous Mozart effect studies,and explore how classical music works,we conducted a meta-analysis based on a systematic and comprehensive review of the studies examining the effect of classical music.We searched for Chinese and English studies from 1993 to 2022,and included 91 studies(a total of 172 independent effect sizes and 7,159 participants)in the meta-analysis based on our selection criteria.Given that effect size could be influenced by participant characteristics(e.g.,age,gender,cultural context),we used a random-effects model.After coding the data,we used the“metafor”package(version 3.4.0)in R software to evaluate the total effect size of classical music and analyze the moderating effect.The results showed that classical music improved cognitive task performance with a small effect(g=0.36).Additionally,the moderation analyses revealed that the strength of the relationship was moderated by age group,cultural context,type of experimental design,and dominant hemisphere of the brain.Moreover,gender interacted with age group,cultural context,and cerebral hemisphere.The direct priming hypothesis was more robustly supported by this meta-analysis.Future studies are encouraged to further clarify the regulatory variables of Mozart’s effect so as to promote a more rational and comprehensive understanding of the impact of classical music,which could guide our approach to music education.

关 键 词：莫扎特效应 古典音乐 元分析 音乐认知 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]