森林灭火常规班组在缓坡条件下的装备编成研究  

Study on equipment configuration of forest firefighting routine teams under gentle slope condition

作　　者：武英达 李磊 常宁 白夜 Wu Yingda;Li Lei;Chang Ning;Bai Ye(China Fire and Rescue Institute,Beijing 102202,China;Emergency Management Department Key Laboratory of For-est Grassland Fire Risk Prevention and Control,Beijing 102202,China;Forest Fire Brigade of Inner Mongolia,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国消防救援学院,北京102202 [2]森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室,北京102202 [3]内蒙古自治区森林消防总队,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2023年第11期1562-1567,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1511600);应急管理部消防救援局科技计划项目(2022XFLR34)。

摘　　要：森林灭火常规班组装备编成是影响森林火灾灭火速率的主要因素。以国家森林消防队伍常规班组装备编成为切入点,开展了189组点烧试验,分析了缓坡条件下不同坡度、装备编成对森林火灾扑打速度及清理速度的影响。结果表明:不同坡度对扑打和清理用时存在显著影响(p<0.05);不同装备编成对扑打和清理用时存在显著影响(p<0.05);在不同坡度、装备编成条件下,扑打用时显著低于清理用时;不同坡度与装备编成的交互作用对扑打速度与清理速度存在极显著影响(p<0.001)。风力灭火机数量与扑打用时呈极显著负相关(p<0.001),与清理用时呈负相关;二号工具数量与扑打用时呈正相关(p<0.01),与清理用时呈正相关(p<0.01)。研究中,D17和D18编成最适用于扑打和清理森林火灾。针对不同坡度森林火灾的扑打和清理阶段,及时更换装备编成将显著提高灭火效率。The equipment composition of conventional forest fire extinguishing teams is the main factor affecting the rate of forest fire extinguishing.In this paper,189 sets of point burning experiments were carried out with the conventional equipment composition of national forest fire brigade as the pointcut,and the effects of different slope and equipment composition on the fighting speed and clearing speed of forest fire were analyzed.The results show that different slopes has a significant impact on the time required for firefighting and cleaning(p<0.05);The composition of different equipment has a significant impact on the time used for fighting and cleaning(p<0.05);Under different slope and equipment formation conditions,the time required for fighting is significantly lower than that required for cleaning;The interaction between different slopes and equipment composition has a significant impact on the speed of playing and cleaning(p<0.001).There is a highly significant negative correlation between the number of pneumatic extinguishers and the duration of firefighting(p<0.001),and a negative correlation with the duration of cleaning;The number of No.2 tool is positively correlated with the time required to extin-guish forest fires(p<0.01),and positively correlated with the time spent cleaning(p<0.01).In this study,D17 and D18 are most suitable for extinguishing and cleaning forest fires.For the extinguishing and cleaning stages of forest fires with different slopes,timely replacement of equipment will significantly improve fire extinguishing efficiency.

关 键 词：森林灭火 常规班组 装备编成 坡度 扑打速度 清理速度 

分 类 号：X954[环境科学与工程—安全科学] S762[农业科学—森林保护学]