授人以鱼还是授人以渔:差异性金融资本的扶贫效应  

Give a Man a Fish or Teach a Man to Fish:The Poverty Alleviation Effects of Differential Financial Capital

作　　者：方芳 FANG Fang(College of Finance,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116025,China)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学金融学院,辽宁大连116025

出　　处：《东北财经大学学报》2023年第6期75-85,共11页Journal of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics

摘　　要：在“后2020时代”,相对贫困治理成为工作重心,扶贫实践也被赋予更多的“缩差”任务。本文利用贫困人口建档立卡微观跟踪数据,基于绝对贫困与相对贫困的比较分析视域,利用双重差分模型实证检验产业扶贫与普惠金融两种扶贫模式对农村人口“增收”与“缩差”的影响。研究发现:产业扶贫与普惠金融对绝对贫困及相对贫困都具有显著的治理效应。但在绝对贫困治理即“增收”功能上,产业扶贫具有更高的治理效应,而在“缩差”上,在有效控制贫困人口能力干扰后,普惠金融成为具有更强增量治理效应的扶贫模式,结论在稳健性检验后依然成立。本文提出相关政策建议:以社会再生产覆盖及利益联结机制构建为核心的产业扶贫模式依然是主要金融扶持路径;未来金融扶持应该进一步扩大普惠金融的相对规模,保证普惠金融成为农村人口收入差距缩小的重要政策构成;在金融扶贫过程中,应进一步强调产业扶贫与普惠金融的有效衔接。In the post-2020 poverty alleviation era,poverty alleviation has shifted towards a balanced governance system,with relative poverty governance becoming the focus.Building a sustainable income increase mechanism with endogenous characteristics for the impoverished population to break through the trap of the vicious cycle of poverty has become the core idea and basic direction for China to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation,reduce the vulnerability of poverty alleviation,and prevent poverty-returning in the future.In addition,with the upgrading of agricultural structure and the expansion of new types of farmers,the trend of income differentiation within the rural population becomes gradually apparent,and the income gap expands year by year.The governance of income distribution within the rural population has become a new aspect of the grand goal of common prosperity.Therefore,this article analyzes the heterogeneous impacts of two financial capital poverty alleviation models,industrial poverty alleviation and inclusive finance,on the"income increase"and"gap reduction"of rural low-income population using microdata of poverty registration.Based on the comparative analysis of absolute poverty and relative poverty,this article uses the difference-in-differences(DID)model for empirical tests and finds that whether it is industrial poverty alleviation or inclusive finance,the two financial poverty alleviation models of"giving a man a fish"and"teaching a man to fish"can significantly reduce the incidence of poverty.Under the constraints of static poverty standards,the"income increase"effect of both financial poverty alleviation models on the impoverished population has been confirmed.This article conducts heterogeneity analysis by controlling the impact of individual abilities and conducts parallel trend tests and robustness tests on the results.The results show that both absolute poverty and relative poverty has significant poverty alleviation effects through industrial poverty alleviation and inclusive f

关 键 词：产业扶贫 普惠金融 金融资本 增收 缩差 FGT指数 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济]