亚高山野生花卉川东灯台报春的引种驯化研究  

Research on Introduction and Domestication of Subalpine wild Ornamental Primula mallophylla Balf.f.

作　　者：唐安军 严光荣 张琪梓 郑昌兵 Tang Anjun;Yan Guangrong;Zhang Qizi;Zheng Changbing(Chongqing Key Lab.of Molecular Biology of Plant Environmental Adaptations,College of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Chongqing Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve Management Service Center,Chongqing 405800,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学生命科学学院,植物环境适应分子生物学重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331 [2]重庆阴条岭国家级自然保护区事务管理中心,重庆405800

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第S01期108-112,共5页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：重庆市科学技术局自然科学基金项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0305);重庆市教委科学技术项目(JJQN201800522);川渝共建乡土植物种质创新与利用重庆市重点实验室开放项目(XTZW2022-KF01);重庆阴条岭国家级自然保护区报春花种质资源调查与研究专项。

摘　　要：川东灯台报春(Primula mallophylla Balf.f.)是一种颇具观赏价值的多年生草本植物,迄今仅发现于大巴山,尚未被引种驯化。为了探明引种至低海拔地区的可行性,本研究以采自城口县大巴山野生川东灯台报春的种子为材料,对其进行了育苗、移栽、开花物候、传粉等方面的研究与观察。结果表明,低温(4℃)干藏65 d的种子经100 mg/L GA3溶液浸泡48 h后,在22℃与周期性光照(12 h/d)的条件下,种子萌发率为83%。在人工气候箱培养130 d后,幼苗已长出5-6枚叶片。将这些小苗移栽于控温温室内,20 d后小苗成活率为80.2%。2021年4月初,生长良好的植株产生了花蕾,其花期较野生种群提前了约20 d。此外,花型间人工异花授粉后的座果率为64%(长花柱花×短花柱花)或72%(短花柱花×长花柱花),而其他授粉类型几乎未结实。由此可知,在重庆主城区(引种地)温室控温的栽培条件下,川东灯台报春能完成“从种子到种子”的历程,其引种是可行的。The primrose of Primula mallophylla Balf.f.is a wild perennial herbaceous ornamental,only found in Daba Mountain in southwest China to date.However,this ornamental has not been introduced and cultivated.In order to assess the feasibility of introduction to low altitude areas,a few aspects including breeding seedlings by using seeds,transplantation,observing flowering phenology,and artificial pollination.Seeds were collected from one wild population distributed in Dabashan mountain in Chengkou county,Chongqing.The results showed that 65-day cold stratified seeds germinated to 83%at 22℃in light(12 h/d).After about 130 d,the seedlings with 5-6 leaves were transplanted into a temperaturecontrolled greenhouse,and the survival rate of seedlings was 80.2%after 20 d.In early April,2021,many well-grown individuals produced some flower buds,and its flowering timing was about 20 d earlier than in the origin.In addition,the fruit setting rate after artificial pollination between two flower morphs was 64%(long-styled flower×short-styled flower)or 72%(short-styled flower×long-styled flower),but the flowers of other pollination types hardly fruited.Taken together,it was concluded that P.mallo⁃phylla would complete the process of"from seed to seed"when they are cultivated in the temperaturedoicontrolled greenhouse in Chongqing(i.e.,introduction site),which implied that it would be feasible for acclimating P.mallophylla in the low-altitude Chongqing urban district.

关 键 词：川东灯台报春 座果率 功能性状 引种 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]