仁怀市植物种质资源现状与保护策略  

Current Status and Conservation Strategy of Plant Germplasm Resources in Renhuai City

作　　者：张飞 冉朝辉 颜超 肖旭 李志 Zhang Fei;Ran Zhaohui;Yan Chao;Xiao Xu;Li Zhi(Forestry Bureau of Renhuai,Renhuai 564500,Guizhou,China;College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省仁怀市林业局,贵州仁怀564500 [2]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2023年第6期41-49,共9页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：贵州省科学基金一般项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般072);仁怀市林业局项目(GZBL-CG22-A[2022-152])。

摘　　要：植物种质资源是确保生物多样性的基础,仁怀市作为贵州省重要的酱香酒酿造场地,目前对其植物种质资源现状研究较少。为了补充该区域的植物种质资料,本研究采用文化人类学和植物学的方法,对酱香酒核心产区内的植物种质资源开展全面的调查。结果表明:全区植物种质资源较为丰富,栽培植物有58科142属203种;其中野生近缘种58种,地方栽培品种114种,市场引入栽培品种31种;粮食作物16种,经济作物93种,果树作物30种,蔬菜作物52种,绿肥作物12种;其中作为主要酿酒作物的高粱栽培品种为‘红缨子’高粱,茅坝镇在近3年间的产量和种植面积均为最高,而中枢街道仅零星种植。经过研究,我们对该区域内的植物种质资源保护和利用现状进行分析,并提出对植物种质资源不仅要建设和完善保护法律法规体系,同时加强植物种质资源的收集和保存以及加强植物种质资源的研究与应用等保护建议。Plant germplasm resources are the basis for biodiversity.Renhuai city,as an important brewing area of Maotai-flavor wine in Guizhou Province,has little research on the current situation of plant germplasm resources.In order to supplement the plant germplasm data of this region,plant germplasm resources in the core production area of Maotai-flavor wine in this study were conducted a comprehensive survey by using cultural anthropology and botany.The results showed that the region was rich in plant germplasm resources,and including 58 families,142 genera and 203 species of cultivated plants,among them,there were 58 wild related species,114 local cultivars,and 31 market-introduced cultivars.including 16 species of grain crops,93 species of cash crops,30 species of fruit crops,52 species of vegetable crops,and 12 species of green manure crops.Among them,sorghum cultivars as the main wine-making crops were Red tasseled sorghum,which had the highest yield and planting area in Maoba Town in the past 3 years,but only sporadic planting in Zhongshu Street.In word,we analyzed the current situation of plant germplasm conservation and utilization in this region,and put forward the conservation suggestions that the protection laws and regulations system for plant germplasm resources should not only been build and improved,but also the collection and preservation of plant germplasm resources should been strengthened,as well as plant germplasm research and application for the plant germplasm resources.

关 键 词：仁怀市 植物种质资源 栽培品种 野生近缘种 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]