我国中药材新品种保护现状与优化建议  

Current Status and Optimization Suggestions for the Protection of New Varieties of Chinese Medicinal Materials

作　　者：沈嘉华 姚峥嵘 SHEN Jia-hua;YAO Zheng-rong(School of Health Economics and Management,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学卫生经济管理学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南京中医药大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期399-407,共9页Journal of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：我国的植物新品种保护工作起步较晚,中药材新品种作为植物新品种中具有特殊生物活性的重要组成部分,受到的保护相对薄弱。基于国家林业和草原局以及农业农村部公布的资料信息,筛选出植物新品种保护名录中直接涉及中药材的种(属),分析中药材新品种育种与推广的现状,发现我国在中药材新品种保护方面存在审查程序不完善、侵权认定困难且处罚力度小、中药材DUS测试指南不健全、中药材新品种权保护意识薄弱等问题。为此,建议修订《植物新品种保护条例》以实现与现有专门性法律的衔接、完善行政执法程序并加大对侵权行为的惩罚力度、加快中药材新品种保护技术体系建设、增强中药材新品种权保护意识。The establishment of China’s plant variety protection system came relatively late,and although many practices have been carried out to improve it,the protection of new varieties of medicinal plants remains weak.As a country with abundant traditional Chinese medicine resources,excessive exploitation can lead to a significant risk of loss of medicinal plant species.Therefore,it is necessary to attach importance to the protection of new varieties of medicinal plants as a fundamental measure to improve the quality and yield of traditional Chinese medicinal materials to alleviate the current shortage of medicinal plant resources.Based on the information published by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,we have identified the plant species(genus)directly related to medicinal plants in the list of protected plant varieties.Combining this with the current situation of breeding and promotion of new varieties of medicinal plants,it is evident that China faces issues in the protection of new varieties of medicinal plants,such as cumbersome examination procedures,difficulties in obtaining evidence of infringement,weak enforcement measures,slow or insufficient development of DUS testing guidelines for medicinal plants,and a lack of awareness regarding protection.Therefore,it is recommended to revise the"Plant Variety Protection Regulations"to establish a connection with existing specialized laws,improve administrative enforcement procedures,optimize examination procedures,strengthen the technical system,enhance awareness of intellectual property rights for new varieties of medicinal plants,and cultivate professional talents in this field.

关 键 词：中药材 植物新品种 中药材新品种 法律保护体系 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培] D923.4[农业科学—作物学]