计及转子动能损失和风速相关性的风电场有效惯量估计  

Estimation of effective inertia of a wind farm considering rotor kinetic energy loss and wind velocity correlation

作　　者：李东东 张先明 姚寅 徐波 LI Dongdong;ZHANG Xianming;YAO Yin;XU Bo(College of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海200090

出　　处：《电力系统保护与控制》2023年第22期63-73,共11页Power System Protection and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(51977128)。

摘　　要：随着以新能源为主体的新型电力系统建设持续推进,风力发电在全国各区域电网的渗透率快速提升。然而,大规模风电场无法提供惯量支撑,风机引入虚拟惯量控制后,缺乏对风电场虚拟惯量估计及其变化态势的准确感知。对此,根据风机虚拟惯量控制机理和外界风速影响提出一种风电场有效惯量估计方法。该方法首先考虑虚拟惯量响应阶段风机工作点偏移造成的机械能损失,在此基础上提出有效惯量的概念并研究有效惯量与风速的关系。其次,考虑风电场内风速的随机性、相关性,提出了基于Copula函数、尾流效应和时延效应的风速时空分布模型。最后,综合得到风电场有效惯量的时空分布估计。根据甘肃某风场的实际风速及出力数据构建仿真算例,结果表明,所提算法能在变化风速下有效估计风电场内各机组有效惯量的大小和时变特性,能实时反映各机组虚拟惯量支撑能力,为掌握系统频率抗扰性提供数据基础。With the continuous development of new power systems,the penetration rate of wind power generation in various regional power grids has increased to a high level.However,large-scale wind farms generally cannot provide inertia support.Even after the introduction of virtual inertia control for wind turbines,there is still a lack of accurate estimation and analysis of virtual inertia and its changing dynamics in wind farms.Therefore,an effective inertia estimation method for a wind farm is proposed from the virtual inertia control mechanism of the fan and the influence of external wind speed.In this method,the mechanical-energy loss caused by the offset of wind turbine working point in the virtual inertia response phase is first considered.On this basis,the concept of effective inertia is proposed and the relationship between effective inertia and wind speed is studied.Second,the randomness and correlation of wind speed in a wind farm is considered.A spatial and temporal distribution model of wind speed is proposed based on the Copula function,wake effect and propagation delay.Finally,the estimation of the spatial and temporal distribution of the effective inertia of the wind farm is obtained.A simulation example is constructed based on the actual wind speed and output data of a wind farm in Gansu Province.The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the effective inertia of each wind turbine in a wind farm and the time-varying characteristics with varying wind speed.It can reflect the virtual inertia support capacity capability of each wind turbine in real time and provide a data basis for mastering the frequency immunity of the system.

关 键 词：惯量估计 风力发电 COPULA函数 最大功率点跟踪 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]