救济与集权:全面抗战爆发前后国民政府战区中等学校安置述论  

Relief and Centralization:The National Government Placement of War Zone Secondary School before and after the Outbreak of the Total War of Resistance Against Japan

作　　者：张晶 Zhang Jing

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2023年第2期264-277,310,311,共16页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“战时教育部与高校关系研究(1937-1945)”(项目号:19BZS1150)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：九一八事变后,随着战事逐步扩大,战区中等学校师生纷纷向后方撤退。受战争环境影响,国民政府改变了以往主要由地方教育行政机关办理中等教育的惯例,逐步介入到流亡师生的安置工作中。全面抗日战争爆发前后,国民政府对中等学校流亡师生的安置政策呈现出由局部救助到临时登记收容,再从设立临时中学到办理国立中学和战区中小学教师服务团进行专门救助的发展轨迹。战争带来了中等教育制度的重大变革,中央权力介入中等教育也由全面抗战初期的临时措施过渡为战时的制度常态。After the September 18th Incident,as the war gradually expanded from the northeast to north and east China,teachers and students of secondary schools in the war zone retreated to the rear.Affected by the war environment,the National Government broke the previous practice that secondary education was mainly handled by local competent educational administrative organs,and gradually involved in the placement of exiled teachers and students.The policy of the national government for the resettlement of teachers and students in secondary schools showed a development track from local assistance to temporary registration and reception,and then from the establishment of temporary secondary schools to the establishment of national secondary schools and the service corps of primary and secondary school teachers in the war zone to provide special assistance.The war brought about a major change in the secondary education system,and the intervention of state power in secondary education gradually transited from the temporary measures in the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan to the normal system in wartime.

关 键 词：抗日战争 中等教育 教育救济 国民政府教育部 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]