罗尔斯宪法哲学:问题与论证  

Rawls’Constitutional Philosophy:Problems and Arguments

作　　者：邓肄 Deng Yi

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学法学院

出　　处：《法律与伦理》2023年第1期213-230,341,342,共20页Law and Ethics

基　　金：四川轻化工大学2018年度人才引进项目的研究成果;2022年度四川轻化工大学研究生优质课程“宪法学”项目的资助。

摘　　要：罗尔斯正义理论就其宏大意旨或理论关怀而言,是以自由主义宪制民主根本问题为研究对象的宪法哲学。罗尔斯宪法哲学主要探讨了宪制民主的三个根本性问题:宪制民主为何要捍卫个人自由的优先性?宪制民主政体应当如何实现自由与平等的理想?宪制民主社会能否实现基于正当理由的稳定性而永续长存?罗尔斯为此提出两个正义原则,意在一举解决宪制民主的理论基础和道德基础问题。罗尔斯在《正义论》和《政治自由主义》中对宪制民主的理论基础与道德基础做了自穆勒以后西方迄今最有力、最深刻和最系统的论证。批判罗尔斯宪法哲学就是批判西方宪制民主,批判罗尔斯宪法哲学亦有利于中国宪法学者拓展宪法哲学的新领地。Rawls’theory of justice,in terms of its grand intent or theoretical concern,is a constitutional philosophy that takes the fundamental questions of liberal constitutional democracy as its object of study.Rawls’constitutional philosophy focuses on three fundamental questions of constitutional democracy:Why should constitutional democracy defend the primacy of individual liberty?How should constitutional democracies realize the ideals of freedom and equality?Can a constitutional democratic society achieve stability for the right reasons and exist over time?Rawls proposes two principles of justice to address the theoretical and moral foundations of constitutional democracy in one fell swoop.Rawls provided the most powerful,profound,and systematic argument in the West since Mill on the theoretical and moral foundations of constitutional democracy in his works.Criticizing Rawls’constitutional philosophy is to criticize Western constitutional democracy,and criticizing Rawls’constitutional philosophy is also beneficial for Chinese constitutional scholars to expand their new territories of constitutional philosophy。

关 键 词：自由主义 宪制民主 两个正义原则 宪法哲学 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]