西方修辞学及法律修辞学的理论述评  

A Theoretical Review of Western Rhetoric and Legal Rhetoric

作　　者：钟林燕 Zhong Linyan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学外国语学院

出　　处：《法律与伦理》2023年第1期231-248,342,共19页Law and Ethics

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金一般项目“法官庭审话语的修辞能力研究”(项目编号:22BYY074)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：西方古典修辞学起源于古希腊的法庭演说,其实质上是法学和修辞学的融合,但是古希腊尚不存在系统完整的司法制度,法庭辩论的胜利取决于谁能更好地将修辞技巧运用到法庭演说中,从而获取更多裁判者的支持与肯定。西方修辞学到19世纪完成了古典修辞学的发展,经过20世纪当代修辞学与哲学思想的交织融合,从而迈入20世纪50年代及之后的新修辞学阶段。新修辞学研究的理论根基便是哲学的语言转向,维特根斯坦构建的语言哲学理论鼓励和提倡使用日常语言分析和解决哲学上的问题,并对日后以英国法学家哈特为代表的语义分析法学派产生了重要影响,开启了法学的语言转向研究,为法律修辞学的发展提供了沃土。因此,西方修辞学发展到法律修辞学主要经历了三个时期:首先是古典修辞学的传承和演化,其次是从古典修辞学到新修辞学的变迁,最后是从新修辞学到法律修辞学的发展。Western classical rhetoric originated from court speeches in ancient Greece,and its essence was the integration of law and rhetoric.However,there was no systematic and complete judicial system in ancient Greece,and the success of court debates depended on who could better apply rhetorical skills to court speeches,thus gaining the support and affirmation of more judges.The study of western rhetoric completed the development of classical rhetoric in the 19th century,and after the interweaving of contemporary rhetoric and philosophical thought in the 20th century,it entered the new rhetoric stage in 1950s and beyond.The theoretical foundation of new rhetoric research is the linguistic turn of philosophy.Wittgenstein’s linguistic philosophy theory encourages and advocates the use of daily language to analyze and solve philosophical problems,and has an important influence on the semantic analysis school represented by British jurist Hart in the future,which opens the study of linguistic turn of law and provides fertile ground for the development of legal rhetoric.Therefore,the development of western rhetoric to legal rhetoric has mainly gone through three periods:firstly,the inheritance and evolution of classical rhetoric,secondly,the change from classical rhetoric to new rhetoric,and finally,the development from new rhetoric to legal rhetoric.

关 键 词：西方修辞学 古典修辞学 新修辞学 法律修辞学 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]