融合无人机线型测量与振动测试的桥梁状态评估  

Bridge Condition Evaluation by Integrating UAV Line Shape Measurement and Vibration Test

作　　者：周云[1,2] 李剑 刘鹏[1] 周晓枫 潘恒 杜宗 ZHOU Yun;LI Jian;LIU Peng;ZHOU Xiaofeng;PAN Heng;DU Zong(College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Key Laboratory for Damage Diagnosis of Engineering Structures of Hunan Province(Hunan University),Changsha 410082,China;China Construction Third Bureau First Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410082 [2]工程结构损伤诊断湖南省重点实验室(湖南大学),湖南长沙410082 [3]中建三局第一建设工程有限责任公司,湖北武汉430201

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第11期14-24,共11页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878264,52278306);湖南省重点研发计划资助项目(2022SK2096);湖南省交通厅科技进步与创新项目(201912);河南省交通科技项目(2020G11)。

摘　　要：基于无人机摄影测量及随机振动测试的方法,探索在不封闭交通条件下进行桥梁状态评估的方法.以长沙市某大桥为例,通过采用结构识别理论与无人机倾斜摄影技术分别对桥梁线型、桥梁病害、动力特性进行研究.利用无人机三维倾斜摄影技术重建目标桥梁三维实景模型并通过点云模型提取桥梁线型,将无人机测量线型与水准测量线型以及设计线型进行对比,研究发现线型差值的平均值为0.034 m,平均相对挠度值为L/12705(L为桥梁跨度),标准差为0.035 m,两者结果较为接近,验证了无人机测量桥梁线型的可靠性,也验证了运营桥梁期间外观尺寸无显著改变.利用小型无人机技术对目标桥梁辅助进行外观质量调查,调查桥墩病害和支座损伤特征,结果表明桥梁无结构性损伤.通过对结构进行环境振动测试,以行车、风等荷载作为激励,利用复模态指示函数(Complex Modal Indicator Function,CMIF)法捕捉结构模态参数(频率、振型、阻尼比),对比10年前历史基线模态数据并综合考虑环境温度影响,判断该桥结构刚度无明显下降.研究表明采用“无人机三维建模线型测量+无人机病害调查+随机振动测试”的桥梁健康状态的综合评估技术具有可行性、经济性及实用性.Based on the method of UAV photogrammetry and random vibration test,this paper explores a method to evaluate bridge conditions under non-closed traffic conditions.Using a bridge in Changsha as an example,the bridge line shape,bridge disease,and dynamic characteristics were studied by using structural identification theory and UAV oblique photography technology.The UAV 3D oblique photography technology is used to reconstruct the 3D scene model of the target bridge and to extract the bridge line shape through the point cloud model.The UAV measurement line shape is compared with the leveling line shape and the design line shape.It is found that the aver⁃age value of the line shape difference is 0.034 m,the average relative deflection value is L/12705,and the standard deviation is 0.035 m.The two results are close,which verifies the reliability of the UAV measurement bridge line shape and that there is no significant change in the appearance size during the operation of the bridge.The small UAV technology was used to investigate the appearance quality of the target bridge,and the pier disease and bearing damage characteristics were investigated.The results showed that the bridge had no structural damage.Through the environmental vibration test of the structure,the Complex Modal Indicator Function(CMIF)method is used to cap⁃ture the structural modal parameters(frequency,mode shape,damping ratio)with the load of driving and wind as the excitation.By comparing the historical baseline modal data 10 years ago and considering the influence of ambient temperature,it is judged that the structural stiffness of the bridge does not decrease significantly.The research shows that the comprehensive evaluation technology of bridge health status using“UAV 3D modeling linear measurement+UAV disease investigation+random vibration test”is feasible,economical,and practical.

关 键 词：桥梁 结构识别 环境振动测试 无人机非接触式测量 线型测量 状态评估 

分 类 号：U446[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] P231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]