何谓唯物辩证法——从马克思的博士论文说起  

Starting from Marx’s Doctoral Thesis: What is Materialist Dialectics?

作　　者：杨淑静[1] YANG Shu-jing

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学马克思主义学部哲学院,长春130024

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第6期168-176,234,共10页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BZX001)。

摘　　要：在阐释和理解马克思的唯物辩证法时总是陷入这样的理论矛盾,一方面将唯物辩证法作为脱离理论内容的单纯抽象的思维方式,另一方面将辩证法作为一种理论独白从而否定辩证法自身。马克思在博士论文中厘清了唯物辩证法的理论前提和理论本质。唯物辩证法是以“感性确定性”为前提的关于一个事物内在性的认识,而非外在性的认识,从而使诸世界以其本然的样子展现出来。不仅如此,马克思通过对伊壁鸠鲁原子偏斜论的研究,有原则高度地确定了唯物辩证法的基础,即感性确定性对客观优先性的承诺、对内在性原则的坚守。如此一来,当将存在的必然性转化为思维的偶然性时,唯物主义便开显为作为可能性的现实并创造世界的辩证法。重新理解马克思博士论文中的辩证法思想,有助于推动辩证法摆脱自身的理论困境,寻求合理形态的唯物辩证法。How to interpret and understand Marx’s dialectics?We are always stuck into contradiction when ap⁃proaching to this question.On the one hand,we regard dialectics as an external method which breaks away from the con⁃tent.On the other hand,we take dialectics as a theoretical monologue to deny dialectics.In his doctoral thesis,Marx clarified the premise and the essence of materialist dialectics.Materialist dialectics is an internal understanding of a thing on the premise of“sensory certainty”so that the world can show itself as it is.Moreover,with the study of Epicurus’theory of atomic deflection,Marx has established the foundation of materialist dialectics,that is to say,perceptual cer⁃tainty adheres to objective priority.In this way,when the inevitability of existence is transformed into the contingency of thinking,Materialism is a dialectics that reveals the reality as possibility and creates the world.Reinterpretation of the di⁃alectics thought in Marx’s doctoral thesis will help to promote dialectics to get rid of its own theoretical dilemma and seek a reasonable form of materialist dialectics.

关 键 词：马克思 唯物辩证法 《博士论文》 伊壁鸠鲁 感性确定性 内在性 

分 类 号：B024[哲学宗教—哲学理论]