4~6周龄肉鸡日粮中粗蛋白质和代谢能水平对生长性能和造肉养分消耗的影响  

Effect of dietary crude protein and metabolism energy levels on growth performance and nutrient consumption for meat yield of 4 to 6 weeks broiler

作　　者：于耀 吕增鹏 呙于明 董晓丽 袁建敏 YU Yao;LV Zengpeng;GUO Yuming;DONG Xiaoli;YUAN Jianmin(State Key Laboratory of animal nutrition and feeding,College of animal science and technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;CJ International Trading Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 201107,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,畜禽营养与饲养国家全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]希杰(上海)贸易有限公司,上海201107

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第22期262-271,共10页China Feed

基　　金：十四五国家重点研发计划“猪禽动态营养需求与营养精准供给技术研究”(2021YFD1300404)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究4~6周龄肉鸡日粮中粗蛋白质和代谢能水平对生长性能、屠体组成和造肉养分消耗的影响,从而确定适宜的粗蛋白质和代谢能水平,并为豆粕减量提供理论依据。选择720只1~3周龄饲喂同一日粮的健康雄性AA+肉鸡,22日龄时采用3×4两因素设计,随机分为12个组,即3个代谢能水平(13.67、13.92和14.17 MJ/kg),4个粗蛋白质水平(16.5%、17.5%、18.5%和19.5%)。结果表明:4~6周龄肉鸡日粮中粗蛋白质和代谢能水平对于生长性能和屠宰性能无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。日粮粗蛋白质水平对于肉鸡体增重、采食量和料重比均无显著性影响(P>0.05),但提高日粮中代谢能水平降低了肉鸡采食量和料重比(P<0.05);日粮中粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和产肉量等均无显著性影响(P>0.05),但降低粗蛋白质水平导致肉鸡腹脂率和屠体脂肪增加,屠体水分含量降低(P<0.05);提高日粮代谢能水平有增加腹脂率(P=0.075)和屠体脂肪含量的趋势(P=0.079);降低日粮中粗蛋白质水平改善了蛋白质利用效率、降低了每千克产肉所耗蛋白质量,但提高了每千克产肉所耗代谢能(P<0.05);日粮中代谢能水平对于蛋白质利用效率影响不显著(P>0.05);日粮中粗蛋白质和代谢能水平对粪氮含量和氮存留率有显著的交互作用(P<0.05),粪氮含量在粗蛋白质为19.5%和代谢能为13.92 MJ/kg的日粮中最高,在高能低蛋白日粮(AME=14.17 MJ/kg,CP=16.5%)中最低,氮存留率在高能低蛋白日粮(AME=14.17MJ/kg,CP=16.5%)中最高,在高蛋白日粮(19.5%)中最低。综合肉鸡生长性能、胴体品质和产肉养分消耗量,4~6周龄肉鸡日粮中推荐适宜粗蛋白质水平为16.5%和代谢能水平为13.67 MJ/kg。The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary crude protein and metabolizable energy levels on growth performance,slaughter yield,carcass composition and nutrient consumption for meat yield of 4~6 weeks broiler.720 male AA+broilers provided the same diet for 1~3 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 12 groups at 22 days of age.A 3×4 factorial experimental design was adopted,the broilers were fed with 4 levels of dietary crude protein(16.5%,17.5%,18.5%,19.5%)and 3 levels of dietary metabolizable energy(13.67,13.92,14.17 MJ/kg).The results showed that there was no significant interaction between dietary crude protein and metabolizable energy levels on the growth performance and slaughter yield(P>0.05).Crude protein level had no significant effect on body weight gain,feed intake and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05),however,increasing dietary metabolizable energy level reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio(P<0.05).Dietary crude protein level had no significant effect on dressed percentage,percentage of eviscerated yield,percentage of breast muscle,percentage of leg muscle and meat yield(P>0.05).Reducing crude protein levels led to an increase in the percentage of abdominal fat and carcass fat content as well as a decrease in carcass water content(P<0.05).Increasing dietary metabolizable energy level had a tendency to increase the percentage of abdominal fat(P=0.075)and carcass fat content(P=0.079).Reducing the crude protein levels in the diet improved protein utilization efficiency and reduced the protein consumption per kg of meat yield,but increased metabolizable energy the consumption per kg of meat yield(P<0.05).Dietary metabolizable energy level had no significant effect on protein utilization efficiency(P>0.05).Dietary crude protein and metabolizable energy levels had a significant interaction on fecal nitrogen content and nitrogen retention efficiency(P<0.05).The fecal nitrogen content was the highest in the diet with crude protein and metabolizable energy of 19.5%and 13.92

关 键 词：肉鸡 粗蛋白质 代谢能 生长性能 屠宰性能 饲料转化效率 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]