长期秸秆和地膜覆盖对旱作冬小麦农田土壤碳组分的影响  

Effects of long-term straw and plastic film mulching on soil carbon fractions in dryland winter wheat farmland

作　　者：邢文超 王俊[1,2,3] 朱少青 谈光野 温萌萌 豆莹 XING Wenchao;WANG Jun;ZHU Shaoqing;TAN Guangye;WEN Mengmeng;DOU Ying(College of Urban and Environment Science,Northwest University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710127,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [2]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安710127 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第6期107-115,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31570440);陕西省国际科技合作与交流计划重点项目(2020KWZ-010);陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2021-XA-005)。

摘　　要：地表覆盖秸秆和地膜是我国西北旱作农田土壤固碳的重要田间管理措施,但其对土壤碳组分的长期影响尚不明确。基于田间定位试验,设生育期高量秸秆覆盖(9 000 kg·hm^(-2),HSM)、生育期低量秸秆覆盖(4 500 kg·hm^(-2),LSM)、夏闲期秸秆覆盖(9 000 kg·hm^(-2),FSM)、生育期地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)共5个处理,研究了秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖12 a和13 a后旱作冬小麦农田土壤总有机碳(SOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、潜在矿化碳(PCM)和微生物量碳(MBC)含量的变化规律。2 a平均结果表明:与CK相比,HSM和LSM处理均显著提高了0~10 cm土层各碳组分含量以及10~20 cm土层SOC、POC、MBC含量,同时还显著提高了0~20 cm土层POC和MBC占SOC的比例;而FSM和PM处理对各土层土壤碳组分含量及其占SOC的比例均无显著影响。土壤碳组分含量相互之间均存在极显著正相关关系。综上可知,长期生育期秸秆覆盖能有效提高旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤有机碳及其组分含量,且提高覆盖量有助于促进土壤碳固存。Surface mulching with crop straw and plastic film is an effective measure for soil carbon sequestration in dryland cropping systems.However,how soil carbon fractions respond to long term surface mulching is still unclear.Five treatments were set up as straw mulching during growing season at rates of 9000 kg·hm^(-2)(HSM)and 4500 kg·hm^(-2)(LSM),straw mulching at a rate of 9000 kg·hm^(-2)during summer fallow period(FSM),plastic film mulch during growing season(PM),and no mulching control(CK).This study explored the effects of straw mulching and film mulching for 12 a and 13 a on soil organic carbon(SOC),particulate organic carbon(POC),potential carbon mineralization(PCM),and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)under winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China.Averaged across 2 a,compared to CK,both HSM and LSM increased the contents of all carbon fractions at 0~10 cm,and the contents of SOC,POC,and MBC at 10~20 cm.The proportions of POC and MBC to SOC were also greater in HSM and LSM than CK at 0~20 cm.Both FSM and PM had no effects on soil carbon fractions and their proportions to SOC at all soil layers when compared to CK.Soil carbon fractions were highly correlated with each other.In summary,long term straw mulching during the growing season enhanced carbon fractions in topsoil,and the increased straw mulching rate would help to sequester more carbon into soils.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 地膜覆盖 土壤有机碳 颗粒有机碳 潜在矿化碳 微生物量碳 

分 类 号：S153.62[农业科学—土壤学] S512[农业科学—农业基础科学]