海藻酸复合磷肥对玉米产量与土壤养分的影响  

Effects of alginic acid compound phosphate fertilizeron maize yield and soil nutrients

作　　者：马金昭 孙瑶[2] 辛鑫 戚兴超 张泽浩 马宁 柳小琪 王修康 MA Jinzhao;SUN Yao;XIN Xin;QI Xingchao;ZHANG Zehao;MA Ning;LIU Xiaoqi;WANG Xiukang(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta,Binzhou University,Binzhou,Shandong 256603,China;Yantai Agricultural Extension Center,Yantai,Shandong 264000,China;Wuzhoufeng Agricultral Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yantai,Shandong 264000,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603 [2]烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264000 [3]五洲丰农业科技有限公司,山东烟台264000 [4]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第6期149-156,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QD118);滨州学院博士基金项目(2019Y10)。

摘　　要：研究海藻酸复合磷肥对玉米产量和土壤养分供应强度的影响可为其推广应用提供理论依据。以‘郑单958’品种玉米为材料进行连续2 a的大田试验,设置不施磷肥(CK)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、海藻酸复合磷肥(NI)、海藻酸复合磷肥减量(MI)4个处理,测定玉米产量及生长特性、植株养分含量、土壤养分含量以及磷肥利用率等指标。结果表明:NI处理在2 a间较CK处理显著增产17.1%~24.3%,在第2 a较DAP处理显著增产6.7%,生物量、株高、茎粗与叶绿素含量也显著增加。NI处理叶片全磷含量较CK和DAP处理分别显著增加66.1%和23.4%,且NI与MI处理磷素回收利用率较DAP处理分别显著增加134.5%与89.3%。NI处理土壤有效磷较CK处理在2 a间显著增加30.9%~59.9%,较DAP处理显著增加13.8%~17.2%,DAP与MI处理间无显著差异;不同磷肥处理与年份因素在土壤有效磷和全磷含量上有显著的正交互作用。相关性分析表明,土壤有效磷与玉米的产量、株高、茎粗及其叶绿素含量呈显著正相关。与磷酸二铵相比,海藻酸复合磷肥显著提高了土壤有效磷含量及其磷肥利用率,促进了玉米的生长发育、养分积累及其产量的提高。This study examined the effects of alginate phosphorus compound fertilizer on maize yield and soil nutrient supply intensity to provide a scientific basis for the proper usage of the fertilizer.A two-year field experiment with maize‘Zhengdan 958’was conducted to explore the effects of different phosphate fertilizer treatments on maize yield,growth characteristics,plant nutrient content,soil nutrient content,and phosphate fertilizer utilization rate.There were four treatments:no phosphate fertilizer(CK),diammonium phosphate(DAP),alginate compound phosphate fertilizer(NI),and alginate compound phosphate fertilizer decremented(MI).The results showed that the yield in the NI treatment increased by 17.1%~24.3%in the two years compared with the CK treatment.The yield was increased by 6.7%compared with DAP treatment in the second year.Biomass,plant height,stem diameter,and leaf SPAD values also increased significantly under the NI treatment.The total phosphorus content in the NI treatment increased by 66.1%compared with CK,and 23.4%compared with DAP treatment,and the phosphorus utilization rate of the NI and MI treatments increased significantly by 134.5%and 89.3%,respectively.Soil available phosphorus in the NI treatment increased by 30.9%~59.9%compared with the CK treatment,and by 13.8%~17.2%compared with the DAP treatment in the two years.There was no significant difference between the DAP and MI treatments.There was a significant positive interaction between the different phosphorus fertilizer treatments and the year factor on the soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus contents.Correlation analysis showed that soil available phosphorus was positively correlated with maize yield,plant height,stem diameter,and SPAD.Compared with traditional diammonium phosphate,alginate compound phosphate fertilizer increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer,and significantly promoted the growth,nutrient accumulation,and yield of maize.

关 键 词：玉米 海藻酸复合磷肥 产量 土壤养分 磷肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]