不同茬口对高寒阴湿区当归养分吸收特性和药材质量的影响  

Effects of different crop stubbles on nutrients absorption characteristics,yield,and quality of Angelica sinensis in alpine and damp areas

作　　者：姜小凤[1,2,4,5] 郭凤霞 陈垣[3] 郭建国[1] JIANG Xiaofeng;GUO Fengxia;CHEN Yuan;GUO Jianguo(Dryland Agriculture Institute/Institude of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Drvland of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;College of Life Science and Technology/Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;The Jiont Key Laboratory of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Gansu Province for Crop Drought Resistance,Yield Increment and Rainwater Efficient Utilization on Rain-fed Area,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所/植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院/农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]农业农村部西北旱地作物绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [5]部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第6期190-199,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院农业科技自主创新专项重点研发计划项目(2021 GARS 11);甘肃省科技计划项目:民生科技专项-乡村振兴专题(22CX2NA007);现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑项目(GSLK-2022-6);鲁甘科技协作计划项目(YDZX2021097);国家重点研发计划课题及子课题项目(2021YFD1100504,2021YFD11005041,2021YFD11005042);国家自然科学基金项目(31460547,31560175,31360317)。

摘　　要：为建立高效经济的当归生产模式,于2017-2019年在甘肃省渭源县设置5种作物茬口(T_(1):豌豆-小麦-当归,T_(2):豌豆-蒙古黄芪-当归,T_(3):豌豆-马铃薯-当归,T_(4):豌豆-休耕-当归,CK:豌豆-当归-当归)进行田间试验,秋季收获后测定不同茬口当归根、叶养分含量、根活性成分和产量,采用主成分分析法确定各指标权重值、隶属综合因子分析法确定5种茬口的综合评价指数。结果表明:T_(2)处理有利于促进当归根、叶中氮、磷、钾吸收累积,根部氮、磷、钾含量较CK分别显著增加29.98%、32.96%、24.29%(P<0.05)、叶部氮、磷、钾含量较CK分别显著增加37.72%、42.08%、64.63%(P<0.05),且该茬口的当归产量、根的阿魏酸、浸出物含量较CK分别显著增加19.44%、17.37%、9.54%(P<0.05)。综合评价指数表现为T_(2)(0.74)>T_(4)(0.51)>T_(1)(0.48)>CK(0.29)>T_(3)(0.25)。综上可知,豌豆-蒙古黄芪-当归是高寒阴湿区当归高效经济生产的适宜模式。The five crop stubbles(T_(1):Pisum sativum-Triticum aestivum-Angelica sinensis,T_(2):Pisum sativum-Astragalus mongholicus-Angelica sinensis,T_(3):Pisum sativum-Solanum tuberosum-Angelica sinensis,T_(4):Pisum sativum-fallow-Angelica sinensis,and CK:Pisum sativum-Angelica sinensis-Angelica sinensis)were set up in Zhanpo Village,Lianpeng Town,Weiyuan County,Gansu Province from 2017 and to 2019 in order to establish an efficient and economical production mode for Angelica sinensis.The content of root,leaf nutrients,extractive,ferulic acid and yield under five crop stubbles were determined after harvest in autumn.The weight value of each indicator was determined by principal component analysis,and the comprehensive evaluation index of five crop stubbles was determined by comprehensive factor analysis.The results showed that T_(2) stubble promoted absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in root and leaf,and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in root.Under T_(2) stubble were significantly increased by 29.98%,32.96% and 24.29%respectively,compared with CK(P<0.05).The nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in leave under T_(2) stubble were significantly increased by 37.72%,42.08%and 64.63%respectively,compared with CK(P<0.05).The yield of Angelica sinensis,the content of ferulic acid and extractive in root under T_(2) stubble were significantly increased by 19.44%,17.37% and 9.54%respectively,compared with CK(P<0.05).The comprehensive evaluation index sorted as T_(2)(0.74)>T_(4)(0.51)>T_(1)(0.48)>CK(0.29)>T_(3)(0.25).In conclusion,T_(2) stubble(Pisum sativum-Astragalus mongholicus-Angelica sinensis)was a suitable model for efficient and economic production of Angelica sinensis in chilling and humid region of high-elevation area.

关 键 词：当归 茬口 养分吸收 药材质量 

分 类 号：S344.6[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]