摆杆夹持式玉米精量排种器的设计与试验  

Design and test of pendulum-clamped cornprecision seed metering device

作　　者：吴海峰 张学军 史增录 付浩 于永良 WU Haifeng;ZHANG Xuejun;SHI Zenglu;FU Hao;YU Yongliang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Equipment Manufacturing Co.,Tiemenguan,Xinjiang 841007,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆智能农业装备重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆天诚农机具制造有限公司,新疆铁门关841007

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第6期291-302,共12页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2022A02003-3);新疆维吾尔自治区农机研发制造推广应用一体化项目(YTHSD2022-02)。

摘　　要：针对玉米种子尺寸差异性大,对排种器结构适配性要求高的问题,设计了一种摆杆夹持式玉米精量排种器,阐述了其结构及工作原理,并对关键部件及参数进行分析,通过建立模型开展了排种器取种及携种过程的力学和运动学研究,通过理论计算确定了关键工作部件的作业参数,得到了影响排种器作业性能的关键因素,以排种器转速、扭簧圈数、弧形板基圆半径为试验因素,以播种合格率、空穴率、多粒率为试验指标进行响应面试验。结果表明:排种器作业性能的最佳工作参数组合为排种器转速26.7 r·min^(-1)、扭簧圈数10、弧形板基圆半径100 mm,最优参数组合下的排种合格率为93.2%,空穴率为3.8%,多粒率为3%。在最优组合下进行田间验证试验,得到排种器的实地排种合格率为94.2%,空穴率为3.6%,多粒率为2.2%,满足国家行业作业标准要求。To solve the problem of large variability of corn seed size and high requirements for the adaptability of seed-metering device parameters,a pendulum-clamped corn precision seed-metering device was designed,its structure and working principle were elaborated,and key components and parameters were analyzed.The key factors affecting the seed dispersal performance were determined by theoretical calculation,and the response surface test was conducted with the seed-metering device speed,the number of torsion spring turns and the radius of the base circle of the plate as the test factors,and the passing rate,the vacancy rate,and the multigrain rate as the test indexes.The results showed that the optimal operating parameters for the seed-metering device performance were the seed-metering device speed of 26.7 r·min^(-1),the number of torsion spring turns of 10 and the radius of base circle of curved plate of 100 mm.The passing rate under the optimal combination of parameters was 93.2%,the vacancy rate was 3.8%,and the multigrain rate was 3%.The field verification test was conducted under the optimal combination,and the field seed rowing passing rate of the seed-metering device was 94.2%,the vacancy rate was 3.6%,and the multigrain rate was 2.2%,which met the requirements of the national industry standard.

关 键 词：精量排种器 摆杆夹持式 玉米 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]