河流水沙条件对水质评价的影响  

Impact of river water-sediment conditions on water-quality assessment

作　　者：夏星辉[1] 张祎迪 XIA XingHui;ZHANG YiDi(Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science,Ministry of Education,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2023年第11期1807-1814,共8页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFA0605001);国家自然科学基金(批准号:52039001,51325902)资助项目。

摘　　要：世界上许多河流具有高泥沙含量特征,我国河流的高泥沙含量特征尤为显著.河流水沙条件包括悬浮泥沙的含量、粒径和组成以及溶解性有机质的含量和组成等参数.河流中的许多污染物倾向于与泥沙和有机质结合,泥沙和有机质的存在不仅影响了污染物的迁移转化过程,同时还影响了污染物的生态环境风险.本文归纳总结了河流水沙条件特征及其对耗氧性有机污染物和有毒有机污染物迁移转化的影响,详细阐述了河流水沙条件对耗氧性有机物和有毒有机物污染评价的影响,指出由于化学氧化剂能氧化泥沙中在自然条件下耗氧过程极为缓慢的天然有机质,现有的化学需氧量可能高估水体耗氧性有机物的污染;又由于与泥沙结合的有毒有机污染物部分具有生物有效性,现有的基于有毒有机污染物溶解态浓度的水质评价方法可能低估水体有毒有机物的污染.并提出怎样考虑水沙条件影响对现有水质评价方法进行改进的思路,为完善水质评价方法提供参考,对于“碳中和”目标的实现也具有重要的意义.Many rivers around the world,particularly in China,have high sediment contents.The water-sediment conditions include various contents,grain sizes,and compositions of suspended sediment,as well as various contents and compositions of dissolved organic matter.Many pollutants in rivers are usually associated with sediment and organic matter.Sediment and organic matter affect not only pollutant transportation and transformation but also their ecological and environmental risks.Here,the conditions of river-watersediment and their effects on the transportation and transformation of oxygen-consuming organic pollutants and toxic organic pollutants are summarized.The effects of river water-sediment conditions on the pollution assessment of oxygen-consuming organic compounds and toxic organic pollutants are summarized compounds are discussed in detail.It has been emphasized that the chemical oxygen demand test may overestimate the amount of oxygen-consuming organic pollutants in water bodies because chemical oxidants can oxidize natural organic matter,which is slowly oxidized under natural conditions.Since toxic organic pollutants linked to sediment are only partially available to organisms,the current water-quality assessment methods based on dissolved concentrations of toxic organic pollutants may underestimate the amount of toxic organic pollutants.Additionally,the idea of enhancing the current water-quality assessment method by considering the influence of water and sediment conditions is proposed because it provides a basis for improving the water-quality assessment method and is critical for achieving“carbon neutrality”.

关 键 词：水沙条件 耗氧性有机污染物 有毒有机污染物 水质评价 碳中和 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]