水产养殖废水深度脱氮研究进展  

Research progress on total nitrogen removal for aquaculture wastewater

作　　者：由昆[1] 覃发挥 李倩[2] 郭建林[2] 刘鹰[3] 肖艳 刘德钊 YOU Kun;QIN Fahui;LI Qian;GUO Jianlin;LIU Ying;XIAO Yan;LIU Dezhao(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou 313001,China;Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province,Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;CCTEG Hangzhou Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311201,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168 [2]浙江省淡水水产研究所,浙江湖州313001 [3]浙江大学农业生物环境工程研究所,农业农村部设施农业装备与信息化重点实验室,浙江省农业智能装备与机器人重点实验室,浙江杭州310058 [4]中煤科工集团杭州研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311201

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2023年第6期64-78,共15页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划资助项目(2022C02045);浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2021C02024);萧山区重大科技计划资助项目(2021224)。

摘　　要：水产养殖业在促进我国经济发展和保障食品供应安全等方面发挥着重要作用。然而,近年来我国水产养殖业的迅猛发展导致每年大量废水和污染物的排放,给周边环境和近海带来严重污染。针对水产养殖废水,生物脱氮技术因其绿色环保、经济可靠等优点而得到广泛研究和应用。目前,大多工厂化养殖采用传统的好氧生物处理方法,注重氨氮的去除,往往忽略硝化反应带来的硝酸盐积累问题,进而导致水生生物如鱼类生长缓慢、免疫力下降等问题。依靠周期性换水以降低三氮危害的主流方式显然不利于节水减排。因此,必须追求经济高效的深度脱氮工艺,为水产养殖业的可持续发展提供可靠支持。针对养殖废水的深度脱氮,在分析传统脱氮方式的基础上,主要介绍了好氧反硝化及同步硝化反硝化的最新进展及应用情况,探讨了其关键影响因素和功能微生物群的作用,并介绍了潜在的深度脱氮前沿技术,以期为我国水产养殖废水深度脱氮工程实践提供有效的指导和依据。Aquaculture plays a significant role in promoting China′s economic development and ensuring the safety of the food supply.However,in recent years,the rapid development of China′s aquaculture industry has led to the discharge of a large amount of nitrogen-rich wastewater and pollutants every year.This has caused serious pollution in the surrounding environment and offshore areas.Regarding aquaculture wastewater,biological denitrification technology has been widely studied and applied due to its advantages in terms of green environmental protection,economic viability,and reliability.Currently,most industrial aquaculture operations rely on traditional aerobic biological treatment methods that primarily focus on removing ammonia nitrogen while often overlooking the issue of nitrate accumulation caused by nitrification.As a result,problems such as slow fish growth and decreased immunity among aquatic organisms arise.The mainstream approach of relying on periodic water exchange to reduce the presence of the three forms of nitrogen is clearly not conducive to water conservation and emission reduction.Therefore,it is necessary to pursue an economic and efficient denitrification process that can provide reliable support for the sustainable development of aquaculture in China.This paper primarily focuses on analyzing traditional denitrification methods for aquaculture wastewater and introduces the latest advancements and applications of aerobic denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.The key influencing factors and the role of functional microbial populations are analyzed,and potential cutting-edge technologies for cost-effective nitrogen removal are discussed.This study aims to provide effective guidance for the engineering practice of biological nitrogen removal from aquaculture wastewater in China.

关 键 词：水产养殖废水 深度脱氮 同步硝化反硝化 好氧反硝化 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]