云南省汉族学生身体素质敏感期分析  

Analysis of sensitive period of physical fitness of Han students in Yunnan Province

作　　者：张剑宇[1] 谭敏[2] 张耀武 季洪 常利涛[2] 黄达峰[2] 邓淑珍[2] ZHANG Jianyu;TAN Min;ZHANG Yaowu;JI Hong;CHANG Litao;HUANG Dafeng;DENG Shuzhen(Yunnan Open University,Kunming 650022,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming 650022,Yunnan,China;Education Bureau of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture,Lushui,673200;Education and Sports Bureau of Honghe Prefecture,Mengxi,661100)

机构地区：[1]云南开放大学,云南昆明650022 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022 [3]云南省怒江傈僳族自治州教育局,云南泸水673200 [4]云南省红河州教育体育局,云南蒙自661100

出　　处：《中国校医》2023年第9期687-690,693,共5页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的分析和探讨云南省汉族学生运动素质现状及敏感期的特点,为提高学生的运动能力发展提供科学依据。方法以云南省2014年7~22岁8795名汉族学生作为研究对象,分别对每个年龄段的运动素质,如50m跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、斜身引体、引体向上和握力、50 m×8往返跑、1000 m/800 m跑和坐位体前屈等反映身体速度、力量、耐力和柔韧等素质的相关指标进行研究。采用年增长率(x±s)的方法,计算各项身体素质的敏感期临界值和敏感期年龄。比较各项身体素质发展在不同素质的年龄和性别的差异。结果总体而言,除柔韧指标外,云南汉族学生的身体素质均随年龄增长而增长;仅柔韧素质和耐力成绩(13~22岁),女生成绩优于男生,其余均反之,尤其是在性发育成熟的14~22岁;各项身体素质的敏感年龄女生均比男生提前约2年;云南汉族学生的身体素质敏感年龄主要集中在小学年龄段(7~12岁)(69.70%),其次是初中阶段(13~15岁)(27.27%);各项身体素质中速度素质敏感年龄出现相对较早(7~9岁)、力量素质的敏感年龄出现相对靠后(10~14岁),随后是柔韧素质的敏感年龄是12~14岁、耐力素质的敏感年龄出现最晚为14~21岁;从敏感项次来说,速度素质的敏感项次最多(12次),而耐力素质的敏感项次最少(仅为4次)。结论根据云南省汉族学生各项身体素质的敏感期特点,尤其是耐力素质下降的情况,采取有针对性的体育锻炼措施。Objective To analyze and explore the current situation of Han students’sports quality and the characteristics of a sensitive period in Yunnan Province,so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the development of students’athletic ability.Methods A total of 8795 Han students aged 7 to 22 in Yunnan Province in 2014 were used as research subjects to study the motor qualities of each age group,such as 50 m running,standing long jump,sit-ups,inclined pull-ups,pull-ups,and grip strength,50 m×8 round trip,1000 m/800 m running and sitting forward flexion.The method of annual growth rate X+s was used to calculate the threshold value of the sensitive period and sensitive age of each physical fitness.The differences in age and sex of various physical qualities in different qualities were compared.Results Overall,except for the flexibility index,the physical fitness of Han students in Yunnan Province increased with age.Only flexibility quality and endurance results(13-22 years old),girls’results were better than boys,and the rests were the opposite,especially at the age of 14-22 years old who were sexually mature.The sensitive age of girls in all physical qualities was about 2 years earlier than that of boys.The sensitive age of physical fitness of Han students in Yunnan was mainly concentrated in the primary school age group(7-12 years old)(69.70%),followed by in junior high school(13-15 years old)(27.27%).Among the various physical qualities,the sensitive age of speed quality appeared relatively early(7-9 years old),the sensitive age of strength quality appeared relatively late(10-14 years old),followed by the sensitive age of flexibility quality was 12-14 years old,and the sensitive age of endurance quality appeared at the latest 14-21 years old.In terms of sensitive items,the speed quality had the most sensitive items(12 times),while the endurance quality had the fewest sensitive items(only 4 times).Conclusion Targeted physical exercise measures should be taken according to the sensitive period characteri

关 键 词：身体素质 汉族学生 敏感期 

分 类 号：G804.26[文化科学—运动人体科学]