资源结构、供给形态与需求匹配:农村养老服务的有效供给路径  

Resource Structure,Supply Forms,and Demand Matching:An Effective Supply Path for Rural Elderly Care Services

作　　者：聂建亮 Nie Jianliang(School of Public Administration,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院社会保障学系党支部

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2023年第5期100-115,共16页Chinese Social Security Review

摘　　要：循着“资源结构-供给形态-供需契合”的思路,本文尝试探讨农村养老服务的有效供给路径。农村家庭之外的养老服务资源主要包括两大类:一类是基于农村“熟人社会”特征,以家族和村庄的内生力量提供的非正式的养老服务资源;另一类则是由政府(集体)和市场提供的正式的外生性养老服务资源。不同的养老服务资源形成了多层次的养老服务供给形态,进而匹配不同特点农村老年人的需求,家族内以老助老、小范围内互助养老、农村幸福院、商业养老机构等供给形态可以分别满足具有“低自理-低经济”“高自理-低经济”“高自理-高经济”“低自理-高经济”等特点的农村老年人对养老服务的需求。为保障与农村老年人养老服务需求契合的农村养老服务有效供给的实现,还需要一系列政策支持,包括完善系统化顶层设计,创新协同型资源供给机制,建立健全监管体系,拓展多元化资金支持渠道,营造老年友好的社会环境。This paper explores an effective supply path for rural elderly care services through the lens of the"resource structure-supply form-supply and demand matching"framework.Elderly care service resources in rural areas can be categorized into two primary types.The first type encompasses informal resources provided by families and communities,capitalizing on the characteristics of the rural"acquaintance society."The second type encompasses formal external resources provided by governments(collective organizations)and the market.These diverse resources give rise to a multi-layered supply form for elderly care services,tailored to the diverse needs of rural elderly individuals.The supply forms,including family-based support,small-scale mutual assistance,rural happiness centers,and commercial elderly care institutions,align respectively with different groups of rural elderly individuals with specific characteristics,such as their self-care capability and economic status.To ensure the effective supply of rural elderly care services,several policy measures are essential.These encompass enhancing top-level design,fostering innovative collaborative resource supply mechanisms,establishing robust regulatory systems,expanding firancial support channels,and cultivating an age-friendly social environment.

关 键 词：农村老年人 养老服务资源 养老服务供给形态 有效供给 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]