美国干预药品自由定价的做法及引发的思考——美国《通胀削减法案》有关药品价格条款评析  

The Practice of Intervention in Drug Free Pricing in the United States and Reflections on It--Analysis of Drug Price Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act of the United States

作　　者：杨心督 张梦晓 刘亚琴 YANG Xindu;ZHANG Mengxiao;LIU Yaqin

机构地区：[1]国家发展改革委价格成本调查中心

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2023年第5期91-92,209,共3页Price:Theory & Practice

摘　　要：美国《通胀削减法案》的实施给美国药品自由定价带来颠覆性改变。通过梳理分析《法案》对于药品定价干预的相关内容,包括政府对具有垄断性的药品直接价格干预、谈判降价幅度与药品上市时间紧密关联、药品价格上涨幅度不得高于实际通胀水平、明确患者支付上限、降低患者用药负担。基于此,得出如下启示:药品属于特殊商品,市场自主定价并非完全自由定价,做好医保控费需统筹兼顾患者个人用药负担,警惕部分药品价格过快上涨和不合理高价药出现。从而为我国进一步加强药品价格管理,规范市场主体定价行为提供借鉴和参考。The implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act( refer as “IRA”) in the United States has brought disruptive changes to the free pricing of drugs. By sorting out and analyzing the relevant content and reform progress of the “IRA” on drug pricing intervention, it can be seen that the government directly intervenes in the price of monopolistic drugs, the negotiated price reduction is closely related to the time of drug launch, the increase in drug prices must not exceed the actual inflation level, the upper limit of patient payment is clearly defined, and the burden of medication on patients is reduced.Based on this, the following inspirations can be drawn: Drugs belong to special commodities, and market independent pricing is not completely free pricing. While controlling medical insurance fees, it is necessary to take into account the individual drug burden of patients, and be vigilant against the rapid rise of some drug prices and the appearance of unreasonable high priced drugs. The above inspirations provide reference and guidance for China to further strengthen drug price management and regulate market pricing behavior of market entities.

关 键 词：药品 通胀削减法案 价格管理 

分 类 号：F416.72[经济管理—产业经济] F821.5[政治法律—法学] D971.2DD912.29