陆良话的语音特点及历史源流——保留入声的滇中方言个案研究  

The Phonetic Features and Historical Origins of the Luliang Dialect——A Special Case of Yunnan Central Dialects with a Preserved Entering Tone

作　　者：蔡梦月 Cai Mengyue(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《现代语文》2023年第10期15-20,共6页Modern Chinese

基　　金：中央民族大学博士研究生自主科研项目“滇东北方言熟语的记录与研究”(BZKY2021060)。

摘　　要：移民历史和地形地貌形成了云南以坝区为中心的汉语方言,其总体特点是同中有异。陆良县位于云南第一大平坝,是滇中小片唯一保留曲折调入声的方言点。陆良话的主要特点是:部分泥来母字存在混读,古开口见系二等字大多有文白异读,端系合口字今读洪音时失去介音,无撮口呼韵母,保留独立的入声调。通过历史文献印证及语音特点分析,可以发现,陆良话形成于明初大规模军屯移民时期,基础方言来源于明代南直隶官话,其语音特点与今江淮官话具有一定的对应性。Immigration history and topography have formed the Chinese dialect in Yunnan.The overall characteristic of this dialect is“similarity within differences”.Luliang County is located in the largest flat dam in Yunnan,and is the only one on retaining the entering tone.Its main characteristics are some of the Nilai initials have different pronunciations,vowels have no Cuokouhu,and most of the second class characters in the ancient Kaikou Jian system have textual and colloquial variations.The entering tone loses the throat plug rhyme and only retains the independent tone.Through the verification of historical documents and analysis of phonetic features,it is determined that the Luliang dialect originated from massive military immigration in the early Ming Dynasty.The basic dialect originated from the Nanjing dialect of Ming Dynasty,and there is a certain correspondence between its pronunciation characteristics and modern Jianghuai dialect.

关 键 词：云南方言 陆良话 语音特点 入声调 历史源流 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]