清代徽州增图的新认识:婺源县十六都四图的例证  

New Lights on the Reform of Creating Additional Plats in Early Qing Huizhou:The Case of the Fourth Plat of the Sixteenth Sector of Wuyuan County

作　　者：刘永华 LIU Yonghua(Department of History,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100081

出　　处：《清史研究》2023年第6期24-39,共16页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：北京大学人文社科人才启动费资助项目“清代民众读写问题研究”(项目号:7101303123)的资助。

摘　　要：清康熙二三十年间,各地为舒缓差役负担过重和不均问题,相继推行了里甲赋役制度改革,增图就是在徽州推行的一项改革举措。其做法是在原图之外增立新图,允许粮户脱离原图,组合成新图。参与增图的民众,地域构成比较复杂,不仅包括本都粮户,也有来自距离较远的其他地域的粮户;他们之间大多本无密切的亲属关系,主要为了获取图甲组织中的制度身份而参与增图。不过增立新图后,围绕钱粮缴纳及新图的运作,这些粮户之间形成了较为密切的关系,甚至出现了同姓修谱之举和全图建立会社的情形,显示了王朝制度在清代社会关系、群体、组织的生成过程中扮演的重要角色。To alleviate and equalize the burden of corvee service allocations on the populace,a series of reforms to the administrative community system and the land tax and corvee services system were carried out in the late seventeenth century,and“Creating Additional Plats”(增图zengtu)was one of the reforms that was implemented in Huizhou.This reform allowed the tax households to leave their original plats(图tu)and collectively establish new ones.The households participating in the reform came from complex backgrounds,including not only those from the same sector(都du),but also households from relatively distant areas.Without previous,close kinship connections,the households nevertheless co-operated in the same plats to gain institutional status in the administrative community system.After new plats were established,close connections were formed between the households centering on the collection of land taxes and the management of the new plats,to the extent that households of the same surname started to compile genealogies and all households of the same plats pooled resources to establish an association to manage the plat affairs.The process shows the important roles that imperial institutions played in the formation of social connections,groups,and organizations.

关 键 词：增图改革 图甲制度贝 赋役制度 粮户归宗改革 徽州 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]