3000只奶山羊场建设规划与设施设备配套实例  

Construction planning and supporting examples of facilities and equipment for a 3000-dairy-goat farm

作　　者：吴毓瑾 王嵩 苑志宇 赵卓[1] 赵云辉[1] 陈耿 王春昕[1] WU Yujin;WANG Song;YUAN Zhiyu;ZHAO Zhuo;ZHAO Yunhui;CHEN Geng;WANG Chunxin(Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;College of Engineer and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春130118

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2023年第22期45-50,141,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系项目(CARS-39-17);吉林省科技厅科技攻关项目“羊高效集约化智慧化养殖管理系统研发与示范”(20230202034NC);内蒙古自治区科技厅重大科技项目“内蒙古绒山羊种质资源保护、创新及智慧养殖技术集成示范”(2021ZD0012);西藏自治区科技厅重大科技项目“西藏羊品种选育与健康养殖”(CZ202101ZD0001N);吉林省创新工程项目“吉林多胎肉羊遗传评估模型构建及初步应用”(CXGC2021ZY108)。

摘　　要：为了克服传统养殖模式饲养效率不高的问题,笔者为陕西省富平县1个3000只奶山羊养殖场进行了规划设计,场址选择严格遵循《畜禽养殖污染防治管理办法》规定,符合该地区土地利用发展规划要求、行业标准和国家标准,即距离城镇居民区、集贸市场、学校、饮用水源、交通主干道等场所1000 m以上,距离其他畜禽场、屠宰加工场、无害化处理中心3000 m以上,本着地势平坦、高燥,水、电、饲草资源充足,交通便利的原则进行选址;该奶山羊养殖场场区主要包括生活管理区、生产区及粪污处理区3个部分。生活管理区位于场区上风向处的出入口位置,设有消毒池、职工宿舍、餐厅、办公室等;生产区是羊场的核心,主要有消毒室、9栋羊舍(1栋种公羊舍、1栋妊娠羊舍、1栋羔羊舍、1栋育成羊舍、5栋泌乳羊舍)、挤奶厅、饲料加工区、药浴池、兽医室,羊舍采用双列式布局方式;粪污处理区位于羊场的下风向,包括无害化处理区、粪污处理区和隔离室。羊舍采用坐北朝南方向的双坡半开放式暖棚,墙体采用普通黏土砖堆砌,暖棚坡面采用热镀锌钢管以琴弦式骨架结构支撑,覆盖聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)涂塑帆布、毛毡;羊舍内设有双排对称的14个圈舍,每排7个,每个圈舍配有面积是圈舍1.5倍的运动场;羊舍内采用硬质塑料漏缝地板,配有刮粪装置,统一收集粪便运送至粪污处理区进行生物热发酵;羊舍内安装鱼眼全景网络摄像机,运动场安装日夜型半球型网络摄像机,实现羊只盘点和异常情况监测;羊舍内安装风机以便于通风换气;羊场配有转盘式挤奶机,每个站位上的控制器能够实时监测羊只的挤奶状态,及时发现挤奶过程中的异常情况,保证羊奶的产量和质量。说明合理的规划设计和完善的配套设施是羊场实现各养殖环节标准化、及时分析生产数据、遵循科学的饲养管理�In order to solve the problem of low efficiency in traditional breeding models,the author has planned and designed a 3000-dairy-goats farm in Fuping County,Shaanxi Province.The site selection strictly followed the provisions of the Management Measures for Pollution Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding,and met the requirements of land use development planning in the region,industry standards,and national standards,that is,it was located at a distance of over 1000 meters from urban residential areas,markets,schools,drinking water sources,transportation arteries,and other places,as well as over 3000 meters from other livestock and poultry farms,slaughterhouses,and processing farms.According to the principles of flat and dry terrain,sufficient water,electricity,forage resources,and convenient transportation,the selection of pig farm was carried out.The dairy goat breeding farm area mainly included three parts:living management area,production area,and fecal treatment area.The living management area was located at the entrance and exit of the main farm area in the windward direction,with disinfection pools,staff dormitories,restaurants,offices,etc.The production area was the core of the farm,mainly consisting of disinfection rooms,nine goat houses(one breeding ram house,one pregnancy goat house,one lamb house,one breeding goat house,five lactating goat houses),a milking hall,the feed processing area,medicine bath,and veterinary room,and goat shed adopted a dual row layout.The fecal treatment area was located downwind of the farm,including harmless treatment area,fecal treatment area,and isolation room.The dairy goat shed adopted a double-slope semi-open warm shed facing north and south.The walls were stacked with ordinary clay bricks,and the slope of the warm shed was supported by hot-dip galvanized steel pipes with a string skeleton structure,covered with polyvinyl chloride(PVC)coated canvas and felt.There were 14 symmetrical double row pens in the shed,with 7 pens in each row,and each pen was equ

关 键 词：奶山羊 规模化羊场 场区规划 羊舍建设 设施设备 

分 类 号：S827[农业科学—畜牧学]