互联网、网络效应与平台垄断认定初探  

Internet,Network Effect and Platform Monopoly Identification

作　　者：方燕 姚文涛 Fang Yan;Yao Wentao

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学中国政府管制研究院 [2]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2023年第5期45-55,共11页Competition Policy Research

摘　　要：本文重点探究了互联网领域普遍呈现的网络效应面临的能力有限性问题,探索了正网络效应不表征进入壁垒高和主导地位稳固的理论缘由,暗示着平台企业垄断认定不宜过分依赖网络效应因素。特定行业的网络效应的性质和强度存在差异性,并在不断演变,使得先发企业未必就一定成功。互联网领域中周期性出现的反社会和违法行为也会让主导平台面临发展压力。互联网平台利益相关者和监管者的不同利益诉求和个性化改造,让开放平台呈现碎片化倾向,限制了平台膨胀的步伐。网络效应的固有特性决定了网络效应助推市场集中化的能力是有限的,判断是否构成垄断时不能片面和静态地认识网络效应因素。这一点认识有利于准确审视互联网集中化现象,助力平台企业垄断认定规则设计和互联网反垄断审查精准化科学化。This paper focuses on the investigations of the ability of network effect in the internet economy,and gives potential reasons why positive network effect does not characterize high entry barriers and stability of dominant positions,suggesting that the monopoly identification of platform enterprises should not rely too much on network effect factors.The nature and intensity of network effects in specific industries vary and evolve,reducing the possibility of pioneers to succeed.Periodic anti-social and illegal activities in the internet sector can also put development pressure on leading platforms.The stakeholders on digital platform have different interests,so that open platforms present a fragmentation tendency,thus limiting the pace of platform expansion.The characteristics of network effect itself determine that the ability of network effect to promote market centralization is limited,and network effect cannot be treated unilaterally and statically when monopoly position is identified.This understanding is conducive to accurately examine the phenomenon of internet concentration,scientifically design the platform enterprise monopoly identification rules and timely carry out Internet anti-monopoly law enforcement.

关 键 词：网络效应 进入壁垒 网络外部性 反社会行为 安卓碎片化 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] F49[政治法律—法学]