成都平原农地利用方式转变下表层土壤速效钾变化特征  

Variation characteristics of soil available potassium in topsoil under changes in agricultural land use in the Chengdu Plain

作　　者：宋靓颖 冉敏 李呈吉 李文丹 董琴 李一丁 李启权 SONG Liangying;RAN Min;LI Chengji;LI Wendan;DONG Qin;LI Yiding;LI Qiquan(College of Resources and Environment,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第6期1435-1442,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0104)。

摘　　要：为了掌握区域土壤速效钾含量变化特征及其影响因素,本研究在成都平原选择184个20世纪80年代第二次土壤普查时采集的样点数据和176个2016—2017年获得的样点数据,采用一般统计和单因素方差分析法(ANOVA)探究了近40年成都平原农地表层(0~20 cm)土壤速效钾含量变化特征及其与农地利用方式转变和母质类型的关系。结果表明:研究区农地表层土壤速效钾含量从44.44 mg·kg^(-1)增加至57.24 mg·kg^(-1),增幅为28.80%(P<0.05)。与20世纪80年代传统稻-麦/油轮作相比,2016—2017年稻-蔬轮作和稻-麦/油轮作表层土壤速效钾含量分别增加了103.83%(P<0.05)和17.64%,而园林地表层土壤速效钾含量则减少了11.95%。不同母质类型上,灰棕冲积物发育的土壤表层速效钾含量增幅最高,为82.08%(P<0.05),其次是更新统老冲积物(25.48%)和灰色冲积物(9.82%)。与传统稻-麦/油轮作相比,稻-蔬轮作下灰棕冲积物发育的土壤速效钾含量增幅(135.97%,P<0.05)远高于更新统老冲积物(116.03%,P<0.05)和灰色冲积物(79.31%,P<0.05),而园林地灰棕冲积物和更新统老冲积物发育土壤的速效钾含量增加,灰色冲积物发育土壤的速效钾含量降低。研究表明,农地利用方式的转变改变了研究区表层土壤速效钾累积特征,但其对累积规律的影响依赖于成土母质类型。To grasp the characteristics of changes in regional soil available potassium(AK)content and its influencing factors,184 points sampled during the second national soil survey in the 1980s and 176 points sampled during 2016-2017 were selected in the Chengdu Plain.The characteristics of soil available K content changes in the surface layer(0-20 cm)of agricultural land in the Chengdu Plain and its relationship with the transformation of agricultural land use mode and parent material type in the past 40 years were explored by general statistics and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).The results showed that the available K content in the surface soil of agricultural land increased from 44.44 mg·kg−1 to 57.24 mg·kg−1 in the study area,and the increase was significant(28.80%,P<0.05).Compared with the traditional rice-wheat/oil rotation in the 1980s,the available K content of the topsoil of rice-vegetable and rice-wheat/oil rotations increased by 103.83%(P<0.05)and 17.64%,respectively,while the available K in the surface soil of garden land decreased by 11.95%.In different parent material types,the available K content in the soil surface layer developed by gray-brown alluvium was the highest,at 82.08%(P<0.05),followed by Pleistocene old alluvium(25.48%)and gray alluvium(9.82%).Compared with the traditional rice-wheat/oil rotation,the increase in soil available K accumulation in gray-brown alluvial development under rice-vegetable rotation(135.96%,P<0.05)was much higher than that of Pleistocene old alluvium(116.04%,P<0.05)and gray alluvium(79.30%,P<0.05).Additionally,garden land only increased the available K accumulation in gray-brown alluvium and Pleistocene old alluvial soil,and reduced available K accumulation in gray alluvial soil.This shows that changes in farmland use mode change the characteristics of available K accumulation in the surface soil in the study area,but their influence on the accumulation depends on the type of parent material.

关 键 词：速效钾 农地利用方式转变 土壤母质 成都平原 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]