封育对昆仑山北坡温性草原植物、土壤及微生物的影响  

Effects of Enclosure on the Plants,Soil,and Microorganisms of Temperate Grasslands on the Northern Slope of Kunlun Mountains

作　　者：马富龙 韩路[1] 冯秀花 周志勇 何镇南 席琳乔[1] MA Fu-long;HAN Lu;FENG Xiu-hua;ZHOU Zhi-yong;HE Zhen-nan;XI Lin-qiao(Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Agricultural Development Service Center of One Farm in Kunyu City,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 14th Division,One Farm in Hotan Cele County,Hetian,Xinjiang 848399,China;School of Animal Science and Technology of Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第十四师昆玉市一牧场农业发展服务中心,新疆和田848399 [3]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第11期3364-3375,共12页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：兵团第十四师草原生态修复项目(BT1122316)资助。

摘　　要：本文以第十四师一牧场草原为研究对象,调查分析了封育2年后对草地植物与土壤微生物及土壤理化性质的影响。封育促进了牻牛儿苗科、禾本科等生活力强的优势种与多年生适口性较好牧草的生长。封育使植物地上生物量与盖度分别增加82.3%,27.7%,植物多样性、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、微生物数与多样性显著提高(P<0.05)。封育后细菌与真菌多样性增加6.1%,3.0%,尤其细菌多样性显著增加,促进了土壤固氮、有机质分解与沉积态磷的溶解。土壤细菌、真菌多样性与土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、总盐呈显著相关(P<0.05)。因此,封育提高了温性草原植物地上生物量、盖度与多样性,增加了土壤养分,促进了土壤微生物生长繁殖与增加有益微生物种类,促进了退化草地生态恢复,为极端干旱区退化草地实施有计划的围栏封育、轮牧及科学恢复生态脆弱区草地生态系统提供理论依据。This article selected the grassland in the One Farm,14th Divisionas the research object to investigate and analyze the effects of enclosure for two years on grassland plants,soil microorganisms,and soil physicochemical properties.The enclosure promoted the growth of dominant species with strong vitality such as Geraniaceae and Gramineae,as well as perennial grassesspecies with good palatability.The enclosure resulted in an increase of aboveground biomass and coverage of plants by 82.3%and 27.7%,respectively.Plant diversity and organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,number of microbes and microbial diversity in soil were significantly enhanced(P<0.05).After enclosure,the diversity of bacteria and fungi increased by 6.1%and 3.0%,especially with a significant increase in bacterial diversity,which promoted soil nitrogen fixation,organic matter decomposition,and the dissolution of sedimentary phosphorus.The diversity of soil bacteria and fungi was significantly correlated with soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and total salt(P<0.05).Therefore,enclosure has increased the aboveground biomass,coverage,and diversity of plants in temperate grasslands,increased soil nutrients,promoted the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms,and increased beneficial microbial species,significantly promoting the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands.Provide a theoretical basis for implementing planned fencing,rotational grazing,and scientific restoration of grassland ecosystems in ecologically fragile areas of degraded grasslands in extremely arid areas.

关 键 词：温性草原 围栏封育 植物多样性 土壤理化性质 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]