野牛草种质资源种子生物学特性及萌发特性研究  

Study on the Seed Biological Characteristics and Germination of Buchloe dactyloides Germplasm Resources

作　　者：褚章杉 黄馨慧 钱永强[1] CHU Zhang-shan;HUANG Xin-hui;QIAN Yong-qiang(Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry/Grassland Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所/国家林业和草原局草原研究中心,北京100091

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第11期3394-3404,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2019ZE001);泰山产业领军人才项目(No.tscy20180536)资助。

摘　　要：为探究野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)种质的变异规律和遗传多样性,筛选优良种质资源,本研究选取50份野牛草种质资源的种子,对其形态特征、质量特征以及萌发特性等不同方面进行研究。结果表明:野牛草种子的生物学性状在不同种质资源间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),具有丰富的遗传变异和改良潜力。种子各生物学性状之间存在一定的相关性;基于不同性状指标进行聚类50份种质分为3大类群,依此可以筛选出7份性状表现优良的种质材料。当年采收的野牛草各种质资源的种子均具有较高生活力,但在自然条件下其平均出苗率小于10%,存在明显休眠现象。剥除颖苞结构是打破野牛草种子休眠的前提,但去除颖苞的颖果仍需引发剂处理才能大幅度促进种子萌发,其中以去除颖苞结构结合GA_(3)溶液浸种的引发效果最好,且以2000 mg·L^(-1)浓度为最佳,野牛草种子的休眠基本可以完全解除。In order to investigate the variation and genetic diversity of the germplasm of Buchloe dactyloides and screen the excellent germplasm resources,50 germplasm resources of buffalograss seeds were selected in this study,and their morphological characteristics,qualitive characteristics and germination characteristics were examined.The results showed that there were significant differences in biological characters of buffalograss seeds among different germplasm resources(P<0.05),those germplasm resources had a rich genetic variation and improvement potential.There were some correlations among the biological characters of seeds.At the same time,50 germplasms were divided into 3 groups based on different character indexes,among which 7 germplasm materials with good character performance could be screened out.The seeds of various resources of buffalograss had a high viability at the harvest year,but their average seedling emergence rate was less than 10%under natural conditions,indicating there was obvious dormancy phenomenon.The removal of glume structure is a prerequisite for breaking the dormancy of buffalograss seeds;but to greatly promote seed germination,the caryopsis after removal of glume still needs an initiator treatment,in which the removal of glume combined with that caryopsis being soaked into GA_(3)solution for the best effect.Further,soaked into the GA_(3)solution of the concentration of 2000 mg·L^(-1),the dormancy of buffalograss seeds can basically be completely lifted.

关 键 词：野牛草 种质资源 种子 生物学特性 萌发特性 

分 类 号：S789.7[农业科学—林学]