天然草地牧草营养变化及羔羊消化代谢、能量需求的研究  

Study on the Changes of Forage Nutrient and the Digestive Metabolism and Energy Requirements of Lambs in Native Grassland

作　　者：刘程 李慧[1] 黄晶[1] 斯日木极 冯昌良 任卓然 刘克思[1,2,3] LIU Cheng;LI Hui;HUANG Jing;Sirimuji;FENG Chang-liang;REN Zhuo-ran;LIU Ke-si(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;National Field Station of Grassland Ecosystem in Guyuan,Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province 076550,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai Province 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河北张家口076550 [3]青海省高寒地区生态恢复重点实验室,中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第11期3415-3422,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：“基于牧食行为的温带牧区草畜生产精准管控技术”国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300503)资助。

摘　　要：放牧家畜对所采食牧草的消化是影响其生产性能的重要因素。试验选取4月龄公、母乌珠穆沁×杜泊羔羊进行2个月的放牧试验以评估放牧草地可提供牧草的营养品质变化、羔羊的消化代谢及能量需求。结果表明:牧草粗蛋白、粗纤维含量随放牧时间延长而增加,粗脂肪则相反;羔羊对牧草的粗蛋白表观消化率呈上升趋势;而对牧草粗脂肪、粗纤维的表观消化率呈先增后减趋势;牧草总能、羔羊能量代谢随时间变化总体呈增加趋势;公、母羔羊在14~35 d期间体重增长有显著差异(P<0.01)。综合研究放牧试验数据,公羔羊、母羔羊的消化能(Digestible energy,DE)、代谢能(Metabolizable energy,ME)的能量需求预测方程分别为:公羔羊DE=1.147×W^(0.75)(代谢体重)+0.227×ADG(日增重)(R^(2)=0.920,n=160,P<0.001),ME=0.941×W^(0.75)(代谢体重)+0.186×ADG(日增重)(R^(2)=0.920,n=160,P<0.001);母羔羊DE=1.196×W^(0.75)(代谢体重)+0.034×ADG(日增重)(R^(2)=0.870,n=160,P<0.001),ME=0.981×W^(0.75)(代谢体重)+0.028×ADG(日增重)(R^(2)=0.870,n=160,P<0.001)。研究结果为放牧羔羊的饲养管理提供了数据支持。Understanding the grazing lamb digestion,metabolism of energy and energy needs is critical for grazing management.The experiment chose 4 months lambs of Ujimqin×Dorper rams and ewes for a two-month grazing experiment to analyze the changes of forage nutrition available in grazing grassland,digestion,and metabolic energy requirements of the lamb.The results revealed that grazing grassland supplied around 200 g·m^(-2)of fresh weight and more than 100 g·m^(-2)of dry weight of forage;the crude protein,crude fiber content in the forage and their tendency raised up during grazing,but the content of ether extract was on the opposite direction.In general,the apparent digestibility of crude protein by rams and ewes increased from 27.4%to 54.6%,and from 16.2%to 58.7%,respectively;the apparent digestibility of ether extract and crude fiber in the forage was in a lower trend following the initial rising.Grass and lamb dung can vary with time;digestion and metabolism generally indicate an upward tendency.The weight gain of both ram and ewe was significant,along with a significant difference between the gains of rams and ewes from the experimental 14 to 35 days(P<0.01).Comprehensive study on the all data in this experiment,the forecasting equations of digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME)by the lamb of either ram or ewe can be developed the following,ram:DE=1.147×W^(0.75)+0.227×ADG(R^(2)=0.920,n=160,P<0.001),ME=0.941×W^(0.75)+0.186×ADG(R^(2)=0.920,n=160,P<0.001);ewe:DE=1.196×W^(0.75)+0.034×ADG(R^(2)=0.870,n=160,P<0.001),ME=0.981×W^(0.75)+0.028×ADG(R^(2)=0.870,n=160,P<0.001).The results could provide data support for the management of lamb grazing in grassland.

关 键 词：放牧 乌珠穆沁×杜泊羔羊 可提供牧草营养成分 羔羊消化代谢 能量需要方程 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]