基于Maxent模型的互花米草潜在生境适宜性分析  

Analysis on the Potential Habitat Suitability of Spartina alterniflora Based on Maxent Model

作　　者：方铧 陈星彤 刘明月 张永彬 苗正红[4] 满卫东 张清文 寇财垚 李想 FANG Hua;CHEN Xing-tong;LIU Ming-yue;ZHANG Yong-bin;MIAO Zheng-hong;MAN Wei-dong;ZHANG Qing-wen;KOU Cai-yao;LI Xiang(School of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei Province 063210,China;Tangshan Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Remote Sensing,Tangshan,Hebei Province 063210,China;Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation,Tangshan,Hebei Province 063210,China;Jilin Hydropower Planning&Design Institute,Changchun,Jilin Province 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山063210 [2]唐山市资源与环境遥感重点实验室,河北唐山063210 [3]河北省矿区生态修复产业技术研究院,河北唐山063210 [4]吉林省水利水电勘测设计研究院,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第11期3514-3524,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.42101393,No.41901375);河北省自然科学基金项目(No.D2019209322,No.D2022209005);唐山市科技计划重点研发项目(No.22150221 J);吉林省科技发展计划项目(No.20210203028SF)资助。

摘　　要：明确影响互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的主导环境因子及其潜在适生区对防控管治互花米草具有重要意义。本文以中国大陆滨海地区为研究区域,综合考虑气候、地形、土壤及海洋环境因子,利用生态位模型(Maxent)预测互花米草潜在适生区。结果表明:互花米草的分布受海拔影响最为显著,其主要分布于-2~5 m范围内。此外,当年平均气温介于14.0℃~23.5℃、土壤可交换钠盐含量介于26.4%~46.0%、气温极差介于14.2℃~26.3℃或海水盐度介于23.0%~28.3%及33.5%~33.8%时,互花米草存在概率均达到60%以上。互花米草高度适生区主要分布于江沪浙闽四省市以及莱州湾地区,该区域内适宜互花米草生长的海拔、年平均气温、气温极差、海水盐度分别为-1~0 m,17.9℃,23.0℃及27.5%。因土壤可交换钠盐含量空间异质性差异较小,故在该区域内对互花米草分布影响不明显。此外,大丰麋鹿、厦门珍稀海洋物种及漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区面临较高的互花米草入侵风险。Identifying the dominant environmental factors and potentially suitable areas for Spartina alterniflora prevention and control is critical.In this study,the coastal area of China's Mainland is taken as the research area,and the potentially suitable areas of S.alterniflora are predicted by using the Maxent model,considering the climate,topography,soil,and marine environmental factors.The results show that:the distribution of S.alterniflora is most significantly affected by the elevation,mainly distributed in the range of-2~5 m above the see level.In addition,the annual mean temperature,soil exchangeable sodium salts,extreme temperature variation,and seawater salinity also played an essential role in the distribution of S.alterniflora.When the annual mean temperature was 14.0℃~23.5℃,soil exchangeable sodium salts content was 26.4%~46.0%,the extreme temperature variation was 14.2℃~26.3℃,and the seawater salinity was 23.0%~28.3%or 33.5%~33.8%,the existence probability of S.alterniflora was above 60%.The highly suitable areas for S.alterniflora were mainly distributed in Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,and Fujian provinces and the Laizhou Bay area.The elevation,annual mean temperature,extreme temperature variation,and seawater salinity suitable for S.alterniflora growth in this region were-1~0 m,17.9℃,23.0℃,and 27.5%,respectively.The effect of exchangeable sodium on the distribution of S.alterniflora was not immediately apparent due to the small spatial heterogeneity of its content in the soil.In addition,Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve,Xiamen Rare Marine Species National Nature Reserve,and Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve face a high risk of S.alterniflora invasion.

关 键 词：互花米草 环境因子 生态位模型 潜在适生区 入侵风险 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]