控缓释基肥与播种量配置对水稻机械旱直播米质的影响  

Effect of Controlled/slow Release Base Fertilizer and Sowing Amount on Rice Quality During Mechanical Drought Seeding

作　　者：任海[1] 王宇[1] 吕小红[1] 马畅[1] 隋鑫[1] 杜萌 李旭[1] 王志兴[1] REN Hai;WANG Yu;LV Xiao-Hong;MA Chang;SUI Xin;DU Meng;LI Xu;WANG Zhi-xing(Liaoning Institute of Saline-Alkali Land Utilization,Panjin Liaoning 124010,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所,辽宁盘锦124010

出　　处：《北方水稻》2023年第5期6-9,共4页North Rice

基　　金：辽宁省民生科技计划项目(乡村振兴联合计划)—抗逆优良食味直播水稻新品种选育及配套栽培技术研究与示范(项目编号:2021JH2/10200028);辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金项目(编号:20170034);国家粮食丰产增效科技创新重点专项(编号:2017YFD0300100)。

摘　　要：为了探索滨海稻区水稻机械旱直播控缓释基肥与播种量配置最佳方案,并且保证米质同时尽量降低农业成本、降低劳动强度、提高农业生产效率、生态效益,为直播稻未来在滨海稻区发展提供理论依据。采用田间对比试验方法,研究了控缓释基肥与播种量配施对滨海稻区水稻机械旱直播米质的影响。结果表明,稻米营养品质及食味值较好的依次为810 kg/hm^(2)的控缓释基肥与195 kg/hm^(2)的播种量配置、675 kg/hm^(2)的控缓释基肥与195 kg/hm^(2)的播种量配置;稻米蒸煮品质综合较好的依次为810 kg/hm^(2)的控缓释基肥与195 kg/hm^(2)的播种量配置、675 kg/hm^(2)的控缓释基肥与105 kg/hm^(2)的播种量配置;稻米加工品质与外观品质较好为540 kg/hm^(2)控缓释基肥与195 kg/hm^(2)播种量配置。综上,合理的控缓释基肥与播种量配置能够满足水稻各时期生长发育对肥的需要,同时有效调节群体数量,大大提高了水稻旱直播米质。The aim of this study was to explore the optimal scheme of rice mechanical dry direct seeding control and slow release base fertilizer and sowing quantity allocation in coastal rice area,and to ensure rice quality while minimizing agricultural cost,reducing labor intensity,improving agricultural production efficiency and ecological benefits,so as to provide theoretical basis for the future development of direct seeding rice in coastal rice area.The effects of controlled release base fertilizer combined with seeding amount on rice quality of mechanical drought seeding in coastal rice area were studied by field comparison experiment.The results showed that the best nutrition quality and taste value of rice were 810 kg/hm^(2) controlled slow release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm^(2) seeding quantity,675 kg/hm^(2) controlled slow release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm^(2) seeding quantity.The best rice cooking quality was 810 kg/hm^(2) controlled slow release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm^(2) sowing quantity,675 kg/hm^(2) controlled slow release base fertilizer and 105 kg/hm^(2) sowing quantity.The better processing quality and appearance quality of rice were 540 kg/hm^(2) controlled slow-release base fertilizer and 195 kg/hm^(2) seeding quantity.In conclusion,reasonable control and slow release base fertilizer and sowing amount allocation can meet the needs of rice growth and development at various stages,and effectively regulate the population number,which greatly improves the rice quality of dry direct seeding.

关 键 词：缓释与速效肥配施 直播稻 产量 米质 影响 

分 类 号：S511.042[农业科学—作物学]